Neural Interactive Keypoint Detection

This work proposes an end-to-end neural interactive keypoint detection framework named Click-Pose, which can significantly reduce more than 10 times labeling costs of 2D keypoint annotation compared with manual-only annotation. Click-Pose explores how user feedback can cooperate with a neural keypoint detector to correct the predicted keypoints in an interactive way for a faster and more effective annotation process. Specifically, we design the pose error modeling strategy that inputs the ground truth pose combined with four typical pose errors into the decoder and trains the model to reconstruct the correct poses, which enhances the self-correction ability of the model. Then, we attach an interactive human-feedback loop that allows receiving users' clicks to correct one or several predicted keypoints and iteratively utilizes the decoder to update all other keypoints with a minimum number of clicks (NoC) for efficient annotation. We validate Click-Pose in in-domain, out-of-domain scenes, and a new task of keypoint adaptation. For annotation, Click-Pose only needs 1.97 and 6.45 NoC@95 (at precision 95%) on COCO and Human-Art, reducing 31.4% and 36.3% efforts than the SOTA model (ViTPose) with manual correction, respectively. Besides, without user clicks, Click-Pose surpasses the previous end-to-end model by 1.4 AP on COCO and 3.0 AP on Human-Art. The code is available at https://github.com/IDEA-Research/Click-Pose.Comment: Accepted to ICCV 202

Introducing Depth into Transformer-based 3D Object Detection

In this paper, we present DAT, a Depth-Aware Transformer framework designed for camera-based 3D detection. Our model is based on observing two major issues in existing methods: large depth translation errors and duplicate predictions along depth axes. To mitigate these issues, we propose two key solutions within DAT. To address the first issue, we introduce a Depth-Aware Spatial Cross-Attention (DA-SCA) module that incorporates depth information into spatial cross-attention when lifting image features to 3D space. To address the second issue, we introduce an auxiliary learning task called Depth-aware Negative Suppression loss. First, based on their reference points, we organize features as a Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) feature map. Then, we sample positive and negative features along each object ray that connects an object and a camera and train the model to distinguish between them. The proposed DA-SCA and DNS methods effectively alleviate these two problems. We show that DAT is a versatile method that enhances the performance of all three popular models, BEVFormer, DETR3D, and PETR. Our evaluation on BEVFormer demonstrates that DAT achieves a significant improvement of +2.8 NDS on nuScenes val under the same settings. Moreover, when using pre-trained VoVNet-99 as the backbone, DAT achieves strong results of 60.0 NDS and 51.5 mAP on nuScenes test. Our code will be soon.Comment: revisio

Knowledge level and influencing factors of sugar-sweetened beverages among Chinese adults aged 18-64 years in 2021

BackgroundExcessive intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is harmful to health. In recent decades, the consumption of SSBs by Chinese residents has increased rapidly, increasing the risk of death and burden of disease. ObjectiveTo analyze the knowledge level and influencing factors of SSBs for Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021. MethodsA multi-stage cluster random sampling approach was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among residents aged 18-64 years in 302 survey sites across the country in 2021, and 98567 valid questionnaires were obtained. Four questions are about SSBs among the questionnaire's 5 dimensions. Respondents who answered 3 or more questions correctly were considered to have a basic understanding of SSBs. Frequency and weighted proportion were used for description. With individual as level 1 and resident council (village council) as level 2, a two-level logistic regression model was applied to examine the influencing factors. A null model was used to determine whether the two-level logistic regression model was appropriate. ResultsThe knowledge awareness rate of SSBs was 57.0% among the Chinese residents aged 18-64 years in 2021. The knowledge point with the lowest correct rate was "It is best to consume no more than 25 grams of added sugar per day" (22.6%), while the one with the highest correct rate was "Excessive intake of SSBs can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes" (81.1%). The results of the null model showed that SSBs knowledge level had a clustering effect at resident council (village council) level (t=25.00, P<0.0001), so a two-level model fit better than a one-level model. The results of the two-level logistic model revealed that residents who were female (OR=1.14, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.18) or working in medical and health (OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.27, 1.45) and education institutions (OR=1.16, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.24) had a higher knowledge level compared to males or residents of other occupations. The knowledge level was lower among residents in central (OR=0.87, 95%CI: 0.77, 0.97) and western (OR=0.85, 95%CI: 0.75, 0.94) areas than in eastern areas. Those with chronic diseases (OR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.78, 0.84) and who did not know if they had a chronic disease (OR=0.75, 95%CI: 0.72, 0.78) had a lower knowledge level than those without chronic diseases. Compared with 18-24 years, the knowledge level was higher in ages 35-44 years (OR=1.07, 95%CI: 1.02, 1.12) and lower in ages 55-64 years (OR=0.92, 95%CI: 0.86, 0.97), and not different from the ages 25-34 years and 45-54 years. The knowledge level increased with the level of education, the trend was statistically significant (P＜0.001). ConclusionOnly about half of Chinese adults aged 18-64 years had a basic understanding of SSBs in 2021. The awareness rate of added sugar intake was low in particular. The knowledge levels of male, central and western, or less educated populations were even lower. Awareness of the negative health outcomes of SSBs was high among the population

detrex: Benchmarking Detection Transformers

The DEtection TRansformer (DETR) algorithm has received considerable attention in the research community and is gradually emerging as a mainstream approach for object detection and other perception tasks. However, the current field lacks a unified and comprehensive benchmark specifically tailored for DETR-based models. To address this issue, we develop a unified, highly modular, and lightweight codebase called detrex, which supports a majority of the mainstream DETR-based instance recognition algorithms, covering various fundamental tasks, including object detection, segmentation, and pose estimation. We conduct extensive experiments under detrex and perform a comprehensive benchmark for DETR-based models. Moreover, we enhance the performance of detection transformers through the refinement of training hyper-parameters, providing strong baselines for supported algorithms.We hope that detrex could offer research communities a standardized and unified platform to evaluate and compare different DETR-based models while fostering a deeper understanding and driving advancements in DETR-based instance recognition. Our code is available at https://github.com/IDEA-Research/detrex. The project is currently being actively developed. We encourage the community to use detrex codebase for further development and contributions.Comment: project link: https://github.com/IDEA-Research/detre

Thermal conductivity and dielectric properties of bismaleimide/cyanate ester copolymer

The blend was synthesised with bismaleimide (BMI) resin and bisphenol A-based cyanate ester (BADCy) resin. The BMI/BADCy copolymer showed excellent dielectric and thermal conductivity properties. The volume resistivity of the copolymer was a little lower than BADCy system. The volume resistivity of blend was 7.8 × 10^15 Ω·cm when the BMI content was 20 wt%, which still showed good insulation performance. The dielectric property of modified BADCy copolymer remained the good stability from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. Compared to pure BADCy system, the breakdown property of BMI/BADCy blend reached the maximum value of 77.9 kV/mm when the content of BMI was 20 wt%, which was still about 1.22 times. The thermal property and thermal conductivity property of the copolymer were higher than BADCy system

Unraveling Meso-Substituent Steric Effects on the Mechanism of Hydrogen Evolution Reaction in Ni^II Porphyrin Hydrides Using DFT Method

Substituents at the meso-site of metalloporphyrins profoundly influence the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) mechanism. This study employs density functional theory (DFT) to computationally analyze NiII-porphyrin and its hydrides derived from tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrin molecules, presenting stereoisomers in ortho- or para-positions. The results reveal that the spatial resistance effect of meso-substituted groups at the ortho- and para-positions induces significant changes in Ni-N bond lengths, angles, and reaction dynamics. For ortho-position substituents forming complex I, a favorable 88.88 ų spherical space was created, facilitating proton coordination and the formation of H2 molecules; conversely, para-position substituents forming complex II impeded H2 formation until bimolecular complexes arose. Molecular dynamics (MD) analysis and comparison were conducted on the intermediation products of I-H2 and (II-H)2, focusing on the configuration and energy changes. In the I-H2 products, H2 molecules underwent separation after 150 fs and overcame the 2.2 eV energy barrier. Subsequently, significant alterations in the spatial structure were observed as complex I deformed. In the case of (II-H)2, it was influenced by the distinctive “sandwich” configuration; the spatial structure necessitated overcoming a 6.7 eV energy barrier for H2 detachment and a process observed after 2400 fs

Protective mechanism of nicorandil on rat myocardial ischemia-reperfusion

OBJECTIVES: To study the protective mechanism of nicorandil on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly divided into five groups, four of which were operated on to produce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Nicorandil (5mg/kg) was administrated by intravenous injection to three of the groups. The myocardial ultrastructure was observed by electron microscope. The expression levels of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and the pro-apoptotic protein Bax were detected by immunohistochemical staining with rhodamine 123. The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by spectrophotometry. RESULTS: The activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was decreased and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was increased in the three nicorandil groups, compared with those in the group without nicorandil (

Experimental and Theoretical Study on Crown Ether-Appended-Fe(III) Porphyrin Complexes and Catalytic Oxidation Cyclohexene with O₂

Modifying non-precious metal porphyrins at the meso-position is sufficient to further improve the ability to activate O2 and the selectivity of the corresponding redox products. In this study, a crown ether-appended Fe(III) porphyrin complex (FeTC4PCl) was formed by replacing Fe(III) porphyrin (FeTPPCl) at the meso-position. The reactions of FeTPPCl and FeTC4PCl catalysed by O2 oxidation of cyclohexene under different conditions were studied, and three main products, 2-cyclohexen-1-ol (1), 2-cyclohexen-1-one (2), and 7-oxabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane (3), were obtained. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, and the addition of axial coordination compounds on the reactions were investigated. The conversion of cyclohexene reached 94% at 70 °C after 12 h, and the selectivity toward product 1 was 73%. The geometrical structure optimization, molecular orbital energy level analysis, atomic charge, spin density, and density of orbital states analysis of FeTPPCl, FeTC4PCl, as well as the oxygenated complexes (Fe-O2)TCPPCl and (Fe-O2)TC4PCl formed after adsorption of O2, were carried out using the DFT method. The results of thermodynamic quantity variation with reaction temperature and Gibbs free energy variation were also analysed. Finally, based on experimental and theoretical analysis, the mechanism of the cyclohexene oxidation reaction with FeTC4PCl as a catalyst and O2 as an oxidant was deduced, and the reaction mechanism was obtained as a free radical chain reaction process

A Label-Free Aptasensor for Ochratoxin a Detection Based on the Structure Switch of Aptamer

A label-free sensing platform is developed based on switching the structure of aptamer for highly sensitive and selective fluorescence detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA induces the structure of aptamer, transforms into G-quadruplex and produces strong fluorescence in the presence of zinc(II)-protoporphyrin IX probe due to the specific bind to G-quadruplex. The simple method exhibits high sensitivity towards OTA with a detection limit of 0.03 nM and excellent selectivity over other mycotoxins. In addition, the successful detection of OTA in real samples represents a promising application in food safety

A Review on the Nonpharmacological Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine with Antihypertensive Effects

Hypertension is a global health concern. Although the pharmacological treatment has obvious antihypertensive effects, there are still some limitations on management of hypertension by drug therapy alone. In recent years, the nonpharmacological therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gradually become an important mean to help the prevention and treatment of hypertension in some Eastern countries. In this review, the nonpharmacological TCM therapies, including acupuncture, tuina, Tai Chi, and auricular-plaster, are covered along with the mechanism