TEM image of AuNPs synthesized by sodium citrate.

<p>TEM image of AuNPs synthesized by sodium citrate.</p

Photographic image of the multiplex aptasensor using different targets at different concentrations.

<p>Photographic image of the multiplex aptasensor using different targets at different concentrations.</p

A schematic depicting the proposed multiplex detection using a colorimetric aptasensor.

<p>A schematic depicting the proposed multiplex detection using a colorimetric aptasensor.</p

Absorption spectra of AuNPs solutions in the presence of different targets, each with a concentration of 500 ng/mL (A) and the corresponding ratio of 620 nm to 520 nm (B).

<p>Absorption spectra of AuNPs solutions in the presence of different targets, each with a concentration of 500 ng/mL (A) and the corresponding ratio of 620 nm to 520 nm (B).</p

Absorption spectra of a single-detection aptasensor in the presence of various concentrations of corresponding targets: SDM (A), ADE (B), KAN(C).

<p>Corresponding photographic images (D).</p

Annealing temperatures.

*<p>ISAG-FAO recommended microsatellite markers for cattle.</p

Comparison of amplification results of DNA extracted from hair shafts using the proposed method and that extracted from liver using commercial Genomic DNA Purification Kit (on-chip-electrophoresis results).

<p>The above panel is <i>INRA035</i> comparison result, sample 6 is amplification result of hair shaft DNA from pure bred Luxi cattle and sample 3 is amplification result of liver DNA from beef cattle; The below panel is <i>CSRM60</i> comparison result, sample 2 is amplification result of hair shaft DNA from pure bred Luxi cattle and sample 11 is amplification result of liver DNA from beef cattle.</p

Experimental design of DNA extraction for real-time PCR

*<p>ISAG-FAO recommended microsatellite markers for cattle. D: Diao™ enzymatic laundry powder. K: Keon™ enzymatic laundry powder. O: OMO™ enzymatic laundry powder. Each sample weight group has 3 extraction reagent groups (8 cattle for each extraction reagent group). For PCR, each sample was set 6 PCR template amount groups in 1^st round.</p

Comparison of different DNA extraction methods.

<p>Comparison of different DNA extraction methods.</p

Results after two rounds of Real-time PCR using different enzymatic laundry powder, sample amounts and template volume in the first round PCR.

<p>√ Amplified successfully; × Failed amplification. Neg, reagent blanks. D: Diao™ enzymatic laundry powder. K: Keon™ enzymatic laundry powder. O: OMO™ enzymatic laundry powder.</p