Quantitative Analysis of the Publishing Landscape in High-Energy Physics

World-wide collaboration in high-energy physics (HEP) is a tradition which dates back several decades, with scientific publications mostly coauthored by scientists from different countries. This coauthorship phenomenon makes it difficult to identify precisely the ``share'' of each country in HEP scientific production. One year's worth of HEP scientific articles published in peer-reviewed journals is analysed and their authors are uniquely assigned to countries. This method allows the first correct estimation on a ``pro rata'' basis of the share of HEP scientific publishing among several countries and institutions. The results provide an interesting insight into the geographical collaborative patterns of the HEP community. The HEP publishing landscape is further analysed to provide information on the journals favoured by the HEP community and on the geographical variation of their author bases. These results provide quantitative input to the ongoing debate on the possible transition of HEP publishing to an Open Access model.Comment: For a better on-screen viewing experience this paper can also be obtained at: http://doc.cern.ch/archive/electronic/cern/preprints/open/open-2006-065.pd

Quark fragmentation functions in a diquark model for proton and Λ\Lambda hyperon production

A simple quark-diquark model for nucleon and $\Lambda$ structure is used to calculate leading twist light-cone fragmentation functions for a quark to inclusively decay into P or $\Lambda$. The parameters of the model are determined by fitting to the known deep-inelastic structure functions of the nucleon. When evolved from the initial to the final $Q^2$ scale, the calculated fragmentation functions are in remarkable agreement (for $z>0.4$) with those extracted from partially inclusive $ep$ and $e^+ e^-$ experiments at high energies. Predictions are made, using no additional parameters, for longitudinally and transversely polarized quarks to fragment into p or $\Lambda$.Comment: 15 pages, latex, figures may be obtained by writing to hafsa%png-qau%[email protected]

ANOMALOUS GAUGE BOSON INTERACTIONS

We discuss the direct measurement of the trilinear vector boson couplings in present and future collider experiments. The major goals of such experiments will be the confirmation of the Standard Model (SM) predictions and the search for signals of new physics. We review our current theoretical understanding of anomalous trilinear gauge boson self-interactions. If the energy scale of the new physics is $\sim 1$ TeV, these low energy anomalous couplings are expected to be no larger than ${\cal O}(10^{-2})$. Constraints from high precision measurements at LEP and low energy charged and neutral current processes are critically reviewed.Comment: 53 pages with 17 embedded figures, LaTeX, uses axodraw.sty, figures available on request. The complete paper, is available at ftp://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1995/madph-95-871.ps.Z or http://phenom.physics.wisc.edu/pub/preprints/1995/madph-95-871.ps.Z Summary of the DPF Working Subgroup on Anomalous Gauge Boson Interactions of the DPF Long Range Planning Stud

The performance of thin NaI(Tl) scintillator plate for dark matter search

A thin (0.05cm) and wide area (5cmX5cm) NaI(Tl) scintillator was developed. The performance of the thin NaI(Tl) plate, energy resolution, single photoelectron energy and position sensitivity were tested. An excellent energy resolution of 20% (FWHM) at 60keV was obtained. The single photoelectron energy was calculated to be approximately 0.42 0.02keV. Position information in the 5cmx5cm area of the detector was also obtained by analyzing the ratio of the number of photons collected at opposite ends of the detector. The position resolution was obtained to be 1cm (FWHM) in the 5cmx5cm area.Comment: 10 pages. Accepted to Journal of Physical Society of Japa

Photon Structure and Quantum Fluctuation

Photon structure derives from quantum fluctuation in quantum field theory to fermion and anti-fermion, and has been an experimentally established feature of electrodynamics since the discovery of the positron. In hadronic physics, the observation of factorisable photon structure is similarly a fundamental test of the quantum field theory Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). An overview of measurements of hadronic photon structure in e+e- and ep interactions is presented, and comparison made with theoretical expectation, drawing on the essential features of photon fluctuation into quark and anti-quark in QCD.Comment: 29 pages, 15 figures, to appear in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London (Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

First Observation of the Hadronic Transition Υ(4S)→ηhb(1P)and New Measurement of the hb(1P) and ηb(1S) Parameters

Using a sample of 771.6×106 ΥΥ(4S) decays collected by the Belle experiment at the KEKB e+e− collider, we observe, for the first time, the transition Υ(4S)→ηhb(1P) with the branching fraction B[Υ(4S)→ηhb(1P)]=(2.18±0.11±0.18)×10−3 and we measure the hb(1P) mass Mhb(1P)=(9899.3±0.4±1.0)  MeV/c2, corresponding to the hyperfine (HF) splitting ΔMHF(1P)=(0.6±0.4±1.0)  MeV/c2. Using the transition hb(1P)→γηb(1S), we measure the ηb(1S) mass Mηb(1S)=(9400.7±1.7±1.6)  MeV/c2, corresponding to ΔMHF(1S)=(59.6±1.7±1.6)  MeV/c2, the ηb(1S) width Γηb(1S)=(8+6−5±5)  MeV/c2and the branching fraction B[hb(1P)→γηb(1S)]=(56±8±4)%

Clocking hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions with balance functions

A novel state of matter has been hypothesized to exist during the early stage of relativistic heavy ion collisions, with normal hadrons not appearing until several fm/c after the start of the reaction. To test this hypothesis, correlations between charges and their associated anticharges are evaluated with the use of balance functions. It is shown that late-stage hadronization is characterized by tightly correlated charge/anticharge pairs when measured as a function of relative rapidity.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Scale Dependence of Halo Bispectrum from Non-Gaussian Initial Conditions in Cosmological N-body Simulations

We study the halo bispectrum from non-Gaussian initial conditions. Based on a set of large $N$-body simulations starting from initial density fields with local type non-Gaussianity, we find that the halo bispectrum exhibits a strong dependence on the shape and scale of Fourier space triangles near squeezed configurations at large scales. The amplitude of the halo bispectrum roughly scales as $f_nl^2$. The resultant scaling on the triangular shape is consistent with that predicted by Jeong & Komatsu based on perturbation theory. We systematically investigate this dependence with varying redshifts and halo mass thresholds. It is shown that the $f_nl$ dependence of the halo bispectrum is stronger for more massive haloes at higher redshifts. This feature can be a useful discriminator of inflation scenarios in future deep and wide galaxy redshift surveys.Comment: 27 pages, 10 figures; revised argument in section 6, added appendix C, JCAP accepted versio

An SU(3) model for octet baryon and meson fragmentation

The production of the octet of baryons and mesons in e^+ e^- collisions is analysed, based on considerations of SU(3) symmetry and a simple model for SU(3) symmetry breaking in fragmentation functions. All fragmentation functions, D_q^h(x, Q^2), describing the fragmentation of quarks into a member of the baryon octet (and similarly for fragmentation into members of the meson octet) are expressed in terms of three SU(3) symmetric functions, \alpha(x, Q^2), \beta(x, Q^2), and \gamma(x, Q^2). With the introduction of an SU(3) breaking parameter, \lambda, the model is successful in describing hadroproduction data at the Z pole. The fragmentation functions are then evolved using leading order evolution equations and good fits to currently available data at 34 GeV and at 161 GeV are obtained.Comment: 24 pages LaTeX file including 11 postscript figure file