Soft Turbulence in Bénard Convection Towards Intelligent Virtual Agents

This paper is concerned with logic dominant approach to intelligent virtual agents. It is found that the super complex systems can be only explored by syntheses together with intuition and/or imagination. This is not because we have limited tools to solve the super complex systems, but this approach is essential to solve such problems   &nbsp

Information Dynamic Analyses on American Football

This paper is concerned with the information dynamic analyses on American football games: One is the game in Eastern University American Football League, National Defense Academy vs. Chiba University, and the other is the Rice Bowl (Japan Championship)2020 Final, Fujitsu vs. Kansai University.  The former game is so called one-sided one, for National Defense Academy keeps the advantageous position against Chiba University throughout the game except at the normalized time η=0.25.  In the range that the normalized time η is greater than the value of 0.75, the model curve of ξ =η7 shows good agreement with game data.   It is found that the game point is at the normalized time η 0.9, where the game outcome becomes definitive and is the cross point between the certainty of game outcome ξ and the uncertainty of game outcome ς. The latter game modelled by ξ=η1.5 is typical one-sided one, and the game point is at the normalized time η0.62.  The two characteristic points in American football become evident through the present work, viz. (a)rules are rational and well organized, though sometimes they are too complicated, and (b)anyone can easily participate in the game not only as player, but supervisor, coach, cheer girl or member of cheering party, and/or supporter.  

Information Dynamics Towards Serious Game

This paper is concerned with information dynamics towards serious game. This study demonstrates that the proposed methodology can provide useful information to analyze game and to predict the outcome, respectively, in terms of soccer and girl’ height based on information dynamic model.  A plausible prediction method for human height has been proposed by incorporating the information dynamic model. Girl’s height at 10 years old is predicted until 25 years old, by knowing her height growth rate at starting year.   It may be considered that this is a sort of breakthrough on game research: The information dynamic model has been mainly used to do post hoc analyses for the finished games, but it has also potential to predict the game outcome before the start, if initial conditions are given. As a popular and simple game, soccer has been analyzed and presented how advantage and certainty of game outcome depend on the time.   In the data analyses, as evaluation function scores in addition to goal, shoot, corner kick, or penalty kick are adopted to conduct refined analyses. The game patterns have been categorized into see-saw, one-sided, balanced and others, and is defined quantitatively, to promote understanding game.        &nbsp

Capillary Waves Generated by a Rock in a Stream

This paper is concerned with capillary waves generated by a rock, or fishing line in a stream.  It is found mathematicaly that the angle between the capillary wave envelope and the direction of a point source is dependent of the velocity, surface tension, and density of the fluid: This angle increases with increasing the surface tension, but decreases with increasing the square of velocity and the density of fluid.   These theoretical outcomes are consistent with the detailed behaviors of capillary waves observed in the natural running streams. To enhance the mathematical analyses on capillary waves generated by a fishing line with constant speed, the relevant non-dimensional parameters 1=Ut/r and 2=r3 /(t2 ) have derived based on the Buckingham -Theorem, where U the relative stream velocity, t the time, r the distance from the point source of wave generation,  the surface tension, and  the density of the fluid.  It has been confirmed by the present proposed approach that the angle between the gravity wave envelope and the direction of a duck or ship moving on the calm water surface is constant of 19.28 which agrees with the result obtained by “Thomson, W., 1887 On ship waves, Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Minutes of Proceedings, 409-434” and “Adam, J.A., 2003 Mathematics in nature: modelling patterns in the natural world, Princeton University Press, Princeton, 161-172”

Exact Solution of Grid Produced Turbulence; New Approach

A new approach to the kinetic theory of grid produced turbulence in the final period of decay has been proposed. The governing equations are the two-point velocity correlation equations in which the triple-point correlations are neglected as the closure assumption, and the pressure-velocity correlations are discarded by considering the homogeneous turbulence. Without recourse to the isotropic conditions, these equations are found to be separable into a pair of Oseen type equations.   As a result, the double velocity correlations are solved exactly as an initial value problem. It has been shown that the decay law for the turbulent energy in the final period becomes in the form,                   ≺(∆u)2/U2 = 3 [1 + 8(xx0/M)/(2Re)]-5/2, where  ≺(∆u)2≻/U2 is the normalized turbulent energy, U the main flow velocity, x the coordinate in the main flow direction, M the grid mesh size, x0 the point at which the initial condition is given,  the constant determined by each the initial condition, and Re the Reynolds number based on U and M. The present theory shows reasonable agreement with the experiment

Gene transfer of GLT-1, a glial glutamate transporter, into the spinal cord by recombinant adenovirus attenuates inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The glial glutamate transporter GLT-1 is abundantly expressed in astrocytes and is crucial for glutamate removal from the synaptic cleft. Decreases in glutamate uptake activity and expression of spinal glutamate transporters are reported in animal models of pathological pain. However, the lack of available specific inhibitors and/or activators for GLT-1 makes it difficult to determine the roles of spinal GLT-1 in inflammatory and neuropathic pain. In this study, we examined the effect of gene transfer of GLT-1 into the spinal cord with recombinant adenoviruses on the inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Intraspinal infusion of adenoviral vectors expressing the GLT-1 gene increased GLT-1 expression in the spinal cord 2–21 days after the infusion. Transgene expression was primarily localized to astrocytes. The spinal GLT-1 gene transfer had no effect on acute mechanical and thermal nociceptive responses in naive rats, whereas it significantly reduced the inflammatory mechanical hyperalgesia induced by hindlimb intraplantar injection of carrageenan/kaolin. Spinal GLT-1 gene transfer 7 days before partial sciatic nerve ligation recovered the extent of the spinal GLT-1 expression in the membrane fraction that was decreased following the nerve ligation, and prevented the induction of tactile allodynia. However, the partial sciatic nerve ligation-induced allodynia was not reversed when the adenoviruses were infused 7 or 14 days after the nerve ligation.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results suggest that overexpression of GLT-1 on astrocytes in the spinal cord by recombinant adenoviruses attenuates the induction, but not maintenance, of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, probably by preventing the induction of central sensitization, without affecting acute pain sensation. Upregulation or functional enhancement of spinal GLT-1 could be a novel strategy for the prevention of pathological pain.</p

頸椎症性脊髄症における椎間関節変性の有病率と臨床的影響：CT新分類での検討

Objective: To evaluate cervical facet joint degeneration using a newly developed classification, investigate its prevalence and relationship with cervical degenerative spondylolisthesis, and clarify its clinical significance in patients with degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM). Methods: This study included 145 consecutive patients with DCM who underwent surgical treatment. Clinical variables and radiological findings were analyzed. A new 6-grade computed tomography (CT) classification for cervical facet joint degeneration was adapted, and its prevalence was evaluated by categorizing the joints into those at responsible and those at nonresponsible spinal segmental levels. We evaluated the association between rapidly progressive myelopathy and the presence of significant facet joint degeneration or spondylolisthesis at the responsible segmental level. Results: Finally, 140 patients with a mean age of 64.1±12.8 years were analyzed. The prevalence of grade 1, 2, 3, 4, 5A, and 5B classification in all facet joints was 72.0%, 9.5%, 10.9%, 4.3%, 2.9%, and 0.4%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the distribution of CT grades between the joints at the responsible and nonresponsible segmental levels (p<0.001), with a high prevalence of grade 4 or 5B degeneration at the responsible segmental level, reflecting articular irregularity. There was also a statistically significant relationship between rapidly progressive myelopathy and grade 4 or 5B degeneration at the responsible segmental level (p<0.001), but not between rapidly progressive myelopathy and spondylolisthesis (p=0.255). Conclusion: This novel CT classification for facet joints deserves additional evaluation in patients with DCM. Abnormal findings on the articular surfaces might be related to the progression of myelopathy.博士（医学）・甲第870号・令和5年3月15

How to Overview the Outcome of Workshop-Type School Training through “Lesson Planning Ability”: A Case of Teacher Training in Physical Education in X City

The purpose of this study is to overview how physical education teachers at junior high schools can acquire “lesson planning ability” through participation in workshoptype (WS-type) school training. According to this case study, the findings can be summarized in three points: (1) physical education teachers improved in their “lesson planning ability” through preparation of a guidance plan in WS-type school training and in exchange with others. (2) WS-type school training functions as a place to learn theory, a place to output, a place to deepen exchange between teachers, a place to share knowledge, and a place to contribute to the training of teachers’ “lesson planning abilities.” (3) Cooperation with schools, educational committees, and universities is indispensable in order to carry out “subjective, cooperative, and active” WS-type in school training

タンパク質酸化を指標とした茶飲料の抗酸化および酸化促進作用

The ready-to-drink tea beverages from the market were examined to assess their pro-oxidant activities by incubating with bovine serum albumin in the presence of 10 mM 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH), a water-soluble free radical initiator, or 0.1 mM CuC12 in sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C for 90 mM. Protein carbonyl was measured as an index of protein oxidation. In the presence of AAPH, several green tea beverages reduced the formation of protein carbonyl possibly by scavenging free radicals, whereas oolong tea and black tea enhanced the protein carbonyl formation. In the presence of Cu^2+ ions, all tea beverages examined in this study largely increased protein carbonyl content. Additionally catechins oxidized by tyrosinase increased the protein carbonyl formation. These results indicate that oxidized catechins and their derivatives, which are rich in oolong tea and black tea, may be responsible for the protein carbonyl formatio