Alginate and HM-pectin in sports-drink give rise to intra-gastric gelation in-vivo

The addition of gelling polysaccharides to sport-drinks may provide improved tolerability of drinks with high concentration of digestible carbohydrates (CHO), otherwise known to increase the risk of gastro-intestinal complaints among athletes under prolonged exercise. The physico-chemical properties of a drink containing 14 % wt of digestible CHO (0.7:1 fructose and maltodextrin-ratio), 0.2 % wt of HM-pectin / alginate and 0.06 % wt. sodium chloride were examined under in vitro gastric conditions using rheology and large deformation testing. The in-vivo gelling behaviour of the drink was studied using magnetic resonance imaging of subjects at rest together with blood glucose measurements. The in-vivo results confirm gelation of the test drink, with no gel remaining in the stomach at 60 min and blood glucose values were similar to control. The physico-chemical characterisation of the acidified test drink confirms the formation of a weak gel through which low Mw CHO can diffuse

Resource for orientation : Interactive satellite photo in children's conversations on place

Uppsatsen handlar om en aktivitet som låter barn relatera till plats genom samtal med en vuxen, med stöd av interaktivt satellitfoto på en datorplatta. Samtalsaktiviteten, som kan ses som en forskningsmetod eller en pedagogisk aktivitet, undersöks genom två frågeställningar: Vilka slags erfarenheter av och relationer till platser blir möjliga att kommunicera i aktiviteten? Hur formas i aktiviteten förutsättningar för denna kommunikation? Undersökningen relaterar till tidigare forskning om aktiviteter som promenad, fotografi och teckning. Elva barn (8 år) deltog, en och en, i aktiviteten som undersöktes. Det empiriska materialet utgörs av skärmfilmer, skärmdumpar och ljudupptagningar från dessa tillfällen. Arbetet utgår från de geografiteoretiska begreppen plats och rum, och inspireras av förhållningssätt inom forskningsfältet barns geografier. Utöver det används design i lärande som ett analytiskt perspektiv. Jag argumenterar för att interaktivitet med en sekundär representation av plats (det digitala satellitfotot) kan beskrivas som någonting mellan platsinteraktivitet och icke-platsinteraktivitet respektive mellan kreativitet och icke-kreativitet. Samtidigt formar de mellanlägen jag beskriver en specifik och egen grund för kommunikation. Med utgångspunkt i hur studiens deltagare tolkar och förhandlar om aktiviteten, diskuterar jag vidare barns behov av utrymme för meningsskapande. Slutligen föreslår jag att samtida forskningsmetodik – som ställer krav på vuxna att sätta barns rättigheter, intressen, deltagande och agens i första rummet – kan utgöra en förebild för didaktisk verksamhet.This essay examines a way of letting children relate to place through an activity based on one-to-one conversation with an adult, supported by interactive satellite photo on a tablet computer. The investigated activity may be seen as a research method or an educational activity. Two questions are addressed: What kinds of experiences of place are possible to communicate in the activity? and How are conditions for this communication formed through the activity? The results are compared to previous research on activities such as walks, photographs and drawings. Eleven children at the age of 8 participated in the activity. Screencasts and audio recordings were made and analysed in order to answer the research questions. The work is based on geographical theory, starting with a discussion on place and space, and is further inspired by approaches in the research field Children’s geographies. In addition to this, design activity in learning processes is used a theoretical and analytical perspective. I argue that interactivity with a secondary representation of place (the digital satellite photo) can be described as something in between of place-interactivity and non-place-interactivity, and in between of creativity and non-creativity. At the same time, this inbetweenness forms a specific, new condition for communication. Furthermore, through observations of how the participating children make interpretations of, and negotiate, the activity, I discuss children’s need of room for sense making. Finally, I suggest that contemporary research methodology with children can be seen as a didactic example, demanding adults to put children’s rights, interests, participation and agency first

Through space, place, time and relations : A historical comparison of perspective changes in geography textbooks of the 1890s and the 2010s

This essay examines how textbooks in primary geography offer readers to make changes in perspective. As the title suggests, spatial/temporal awareness and understanding of social relations are seen as interconnected aspects of what changes in perspective is about. Two contemporary textbooks used in Swedish primary school are analyzed, as well as one written in 1893 by the Swedish reform educator Anna Whitlock. The analysis is made with tools from multimodal social semiotics and critical linguistics. Understanding didactics on a basis of curriculum theory, distinguishing varied offers of meaning is seen as an important basis for making decisions in didactic practice. The essay offers arguments to support that view. A historical perspective is used to illustrate constructions of school geography in our time. Attention is paid to how the text from the 1890s introduces spatiality by letting the reader relate to the physical world, while spatiality in the texts from the 2010s is framed by social relations. When differences between the contemporary textbooks are described, some specific design choices offering varied reader interactions are suggested being crucial for inclusions/exclusions of experiences and worldviews