A Cross National Comparison on the Awareness of Adopting FOSS4G to NSDI in Developing Countries

In this study, we constructed an assessment framework that was consisted of 9 indicators about functional, economic and public value for FOSS4G adoption to NSDI and alternatives such as data sharing, data management, utilization and construction and derived relative weights using AHP method. For the AHP, we conducted a survey to developing countries’ 10 respondents from 9 Asian and Latin American countries. Firstly, result of the survey showed that economic value indicator came in the highest weight with 0.425, followed by functional value indicator with 0.345 and public value indicator with 0.230. Secondly, result of the alternatives analysis showed that data sharing alternative came in the highest adoption rate with 0.824, followed by data management with 0.780, data utilization with 0.778. This means that developing countries want to introduce FOSS4G to their NSDI from economic motivation. This study focused on the comprehensive aspect for adopting FOSS4G to NSDI that is different from the previous researches that were focused on the software engineering aspect to the adoption

Highly Stable Porous Polyimide Sponge as a Separator for Lithium-Metal Secondary Batteries

To inhibit Li‐dendrite growth on lithium (Li)‐metal electrodes, which causes capacity deterioration and safety issues in Li‐ion batteries, we prepared a porous polyimide (PI) sponge using a solution‐processable high internal‐phase emulsion technique with a water‐soluble PI precursor solution; the process is not only simple but also environmentally friendly. The prepared PI sponge was processed into porous PI separators and used for Li‐metal electrodes. The physical properties (e.g., thermal stability, liquid electrolyte uptake, and ionic conductivity) of the porous PI separators and their effect on the Li‐metal anodes (e.g., self‐discharge and open‐circuit voltage properties after storage, cycle performance, rate capability, and morphological changes) were investigated. Owing to the thermally stable properties of the PI polymer, the porous PI separators demonstrated no dimensional changes up to 180 °C. In comparison with commercialized polyethylene (PE) separators, the porous PI separators exhibited improved wetting ability for liquid electrolytes; thus, the latter improved not only the physical properties (e.g., improved the electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity) but also the electrochemical properties of Li‐metal electrodes (e.g., maintained stable self‐discharge capacity and open‐circuit voltage features after storage and improved the cycle performance and rate capability) in comparison with PE separators. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.1

Dehydrogenation of homocyclic liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs) over Pt supported on an ordered pore structure of 3-D cubic mesoporous KIT-6 silica

Pt supported on ordered mesoporous silica (KIT-6) catalyst was examined for the dehydrogenation of homocyclic liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHCs, 1: MCH, 2: hydrogenated biphenyl-based eutectic mixture (H-BPDM)) conditions. The longer pore-residence time of the MCH molecules in the 3D bicontinuous pore structure of the Pt/KIT-6 catalyst strongly affected the catalytic activity because a higher MCH concentration was achieved in the vicinity of the Pt active sites. Pt/KIT-6 catalyst exhibited a higher surface area, pore volume, and Pt dispersion with narrower particle size distribution (average Pt particle size: ~1.3 nm). Therefore, higher LOHC conversion with faster hydrogen production occurred, with a higher hydrogen selectivity over Pt/KIT-6 compared with Pt/SiO2 and Pt/Al2O3. Long-term experiment results indicated that the Pt/KIT-6 catalytic activity was stable over the reaction time than that of the other catalysts. No significant structural collapse occurred in KIT-6 during the dehydrogenation. Carbon coking was observed for all three samples

Influence of the Chain Architecture and the Presence of End-Groups or Branching Units Chemically Different from Repeating Structural Units on the Critical Adsorption Point in Liquid Chromatography

The critical adsorption point (CAP) of linear and star-shaped polymers was investigated by normal phase and reversed phase liquid chromatography (NPLC and RPLC) and computer simulation. Three sets of polystyrenes (PS) differing in chain architecture and chemically distinct groups were prepared: linear PS (sec-butyl and hydrogen end group), 2-arm PS (linear, two sec-butyl end groups and one silyl group in the middle of the chain) and 4-arm star-shaped PS (four sec butyl end groups and one silyl group in the center of the star). It was found that the column temperature at CAP, T-CAP (linear PS) = T-CAP (2-arm PS) > T-CAP (4-arm PS) in both RPLC and NPLC which can be attributed to the variation in chain architecture. However, the elution times at CAP of three polymers are all different: In NPLC, t(E,CAP) (linear) > t(E,CAP) (2 -arm PS) > t(E,CAP) (4-arm PS) while in RPLC, t(E,CAP) (4-arm PS) > t(E,CAP) (2-arm PS) > t(E,CAP) (linear). The variation of t(E,CAP) can be explained by the contribution of the chemically distinct groups. The computer simulation results are in good agreement with the chromatography experiments results and support the interpretation of experimental data.112sciescopu

A parametric study of the performance of a planar membrane humidifier with a heat and mass exchanger model for design optimization

The performance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is seriously changed by the humidification capability available when equipped with a PTFE (R) membrane. Typically, the humidification of a fuel cell is carried out by means of an internal or external humidifier. A membrane humidifier is applied to the external humidification of residential power generation fuel cell due to its convenience and high performance. In this study, a static model is constructed to understand the physical phenomena of the membrane humidifier in terms of geometric parameters and operating parameters. The model utilizes the concept of planar type heat exchanger with mass transport through the membrane. The model is constructed with FORTRAN in a Simulink (R) environment for consistency with other components of the model we previously developed. The results show that the humidity of the wet gas and the channel length, the membrane thickness and wet gas inlet humidity are critical parameters affecting the performance of the humidifier. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.N