A Quarterly Macroeconometric Model of the Turkish Economy

This paper aims at describing a small-scale quarterly model for the Turkish economy. It differs from previous work in two respects; (i) the explicit treatment of the expectations in the inflationary process; (ii) the effect of public borrowing on inflation via interest rates. We conclude that expectations have the greatest importance in the determination of inflation along with the exchange rate in Turkey. In addition, to use the overnight interest rate as an effective policy tool, it seems to be essential to accomplish the structural reforms so as to eliminate risk premium due to the concerns about the debt sustainability.Econometric Modeling, Financing Public Borrowing, Expectations

The Banking Sector, Government Bonds and Financial Intermediation: The Case of Emerging Market Countries

This paper develops an analytical framework to explore how financial sector characteristics shape domestic debt dynamics in emerging market economies. Our analysis suggests that the more competitive the banking sector and the more liquid and deeper the deposit market, the better would be the conditions in the public securities market. Our results also reveal that the lower the financial depth, the greater the scale of private sector credits that are crowded-out by public borrowing. To the extent that credit availability is associated with improved productivity and better output performance, the lack of financial depth in emerging market countries implies that extensive domestic borrowing in these countries may have consequences far beyond the concern with fiscal sustainability. As such, our results higlight the importance of developing domestic debt markets for financial and macroeconomic stability.Financial sector; public debt; cost of borrowing.

The Banking Sector, Government Bonds, and Financial Intermediation: The Case of Emerging Market Countries

This paper develops an analytical framework to explore how financial-sector characteristics shape the terms and the scale of public borrowing in emerging market economies. We find that the more competitive the banking sector and the more liquid and deeper the deposit market, the better are conditions in the public securities market. We also show that the greater the central bank independence, the higher the cost of public borrowing. Furthermore, our results suggest that, in countries where banks rely significantly on foreign currency financing, the greater the government's reliance on bank lending, the greater is its exposure to exchange rate risk.cost of borrowing, financial sector, public debt,