How to Attain Sustainable Education in Sierra Leone: A Policy Design For Sanda Tendaren Chiefdom

Socioeconomic inequalities affect the access to affordable and sustainable education in Sierra Leone: Sanda Tendaren Chiefdom. Education is a crucial part of the chiefdom\u27s development. It has a direct affect on the living standards of the citizens of the chiefdom and a subpar system can negatively impact Chiefdom\u27s economic development and stunt societal participation in political discourse. If access to affordability and sustainability of education are addressed seriously, the short and long-term impact for Sanda Tendaren chiefdom will be tremendous and lasting. Chiefdom villagers will have access to improved school buildings closer to their homes and education will be affordable for Sanda Tendaren chiefdom citizens regardless of their socioeconomic status. Making education free and fair in Sanda Tendaren chiefdom would result in an immediate increase in enrollment at all levels and reduce gender inequality

C-Reactive Protein Triggers Cell Death in Ischemic Cells

C-reactive protein (CRP) is the best-known acute phase protein. In humans, almost every type of inflammation is accompanied by an increase of CRP concentration. Until recently, the only known physiological function of CRP was the marking of cells to initiate their phagocytosis. This triggers the classical complement pathway up to C4, which helps to eliminate pathogens and dead cells. However, vital cells with reduced energy supply are also marked, which is useful in the case of a classical external wound because an important substrate for pathogens is disposed of, but is counterproductive at internal wounds (e.g., heart attack or stroke). This mechanism negatively affects clinical outcomes since it is established that CRP levels correlate with the prognosis of these indications. Here, we summarize what we can learn from a clinical study in which CRP was adsorbed from the bloodstream by CRP-apheresis. Recently, it was shown that CRP can have a direct effect on blood pressure in rabbits. This is interesting in regard to patients with high inflammation, as they often become tachycardic and need catecholamines. These two physiological effects of CRP apparently also occur in COVID-19. Parts of the lung become ischemic due to intra-alveolar edema and hemorrhage and in parallel CRP increases dramatically, hence it is assumed that CRP is also involved in this ischemic condition. It is meanwhile considered that most of the damage in COVID-19 is caused by the immune system. The high amounts of CRP could have an additional influence on blood pressure in severe COVID-19

Federalism and the Arab League: A theoretical synergy

Abstract. The paper is a theoretical analogy of the Arab league as a regional organization. The paper also discusses the objectives, strengths and weaknesses of the league. By adopting descriptive-historical research from library instrument, findings show that, there is no doubt that the league had recorded some appreciable level of achievements since its inception and there have equally been some challenges along the line. The paper concludes that, the Arab league must find a way to reduce the perpetual tension and violence in Palestine by working towards enthroning a peaceful relationship with Israel while retaining their cultural identity. The paper also recommends that, the Arab league should strengthen their relationship with the non-Arab Nations especially in the face of globalization to reap the benefits therein involved as a league. Arab league must ensure that Arab states stop waging needless wars between and among themselves. The Syria and Yemeni crises among others is a disgrace to the Arab world.Keywords: Arab league, Theoretical, Synergy, Federalism, Integration.JEL. A10, F15

Increased expression of CD154 and FAS in SLE patients' lymphocytes

An increased level of apoptotic material and B cell activation leading to autoantibody production are hallmarks of systemic lupus erythematoses (SLE). Increased FAS expression, apoptosis, and CD154-mediated signaling, enabling T-B cell interaction are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study addresses the expression profile of CD154 and FAS in the peripheral blood of patients with SLE, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and normal healthy control donors. Surface markers on peripheral blood T and B cells from patients and healthy control donors were assessed using flow cytometry. The expression of CD154 and FAS were significantly increased in T and B cells of SLE patients as compared to healthy control donors and RA patients. In SLE and RA patients, FAS expression strongly correlated with CD154 expression on T cells, which was not found in healthy control donors. FAS expression was also associated with the occurrence of anti-DNA antibodies. We demonstrate high CD154 and FAS expression as a characteristic feature of SLE. This pattern may reflect simultaneous activation of apoptosis and activation of B-T cell interaction in SL

Atrial myxoma invading right ventricular cavity and pulmonary artery

Study report a 42-years-old female came with complaints of dyspnoea on exertion, and recurrent cough for past one year. She gives history of significant weight loss for the past 6 months. Trans thoracic echocardiogram showed large pedunculated myxoma measuring 28*18 mm attached to posterior wall of right atrium extending into right ventricle and outflow tract. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram showed acute bilateral pulmonary thromboembolism with left upper lobe infarct. She underwent complete removal of the tumour along with patch of atrial wall with pulmonary embolectomy using Fogarty baloon catheter through median sternotomy. Her postoperative course was uneventful. This case is reported for its rarity of presentation of right atrial myxoma with pulmonary embolism

C-Reactive Protein Causes Blood Pressure Drop in Rabbits and Induces Intracellular Calcium Signaling

Systemic diseases characterized by elevated levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), such as sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome, are usually associated with hardly controllable haemodynamic instability. We therefore investigated whether CRP itself influences blood pressure and heart rate. Immediately after intravenous injection of purified human CRP (3.5 mg CRP/kg body weight) into anesthetized rabbits, blood pressure dropped critically in all animals, while control animals injected with bovine serum albumin showed no response. Heart rate did not change in either group. Approaching this impact on a cellular level, we investigated the effect of CRP in cell lines expressing adrenoceptors (CHO-α1A and DU-145). CRP caused a Ca(2+)signaling being dependent on the CRP dose. After complete activation of the adrenoceptors by agonists, CRP caused additional intracellular Ca(2+)mobilization. We assume that CRP interacts with hitherto unknown structures on the surface of vital cells and thus interferes with the desensitization of adrenoceptors

Partial protection of verapamil against gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats

A number of male rats (40) were used to test the protective efficacy of verapamil a calcium channel blocker (CCB) against gentamicin nephrotoxicity. They were divided into four groups: group-1 control, giving only water, group- 2, they were administered gentamicin IP 80 mg/Kg, group-3, administered verapamil orally 10 mg/Kg and group-4 administered gentamicin and verapamil at the same time. The period of study was 10 days. Nephrotoxicity was induced by using gentamicin for 7 days; this was evidenced by marked elevation in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) andplasma creatinine (Pcr) when compared with control. BUN increased from 20±1.4 to 205±7 and Pcr from 0.75±0.08 to 4.2±0.3 mg/100 ml). Coadministration of verapamil with gentamicin decreased the rise in BUN and Pcr, their values reached to 90±13 and 1.5±0.9 mg/100 ml respectively. Our data suggest that supplementation of verapamil decreased the severity of acute renal failure (ARF) in rats, this supports previous studies in which CCBs offer renoprotection in ARF, the exact mechanism of this protection need further study