Study and Evaluation of the Factors That Determine the Quality of Marketing Education in Higher Education Institutions in The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Objective: The tremendous growth in the preparation of higher education institutions for management – marketing, has resulted in the need for and necessity to discuss the quality of that education. From here, the aim of this research was to determine the factors that affect the quality of management education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and to clarify its nature and importance, and the mutual effects on the quality of learning outcomes for marketing education at the individual student and program level, and at the level of the educational institution and its competitiveness. Design / Methodology: The determination of the factors affecting the quality of management education through a review of the literature and then testing its validity and its effects on the quality of marketing education outcomes at the individual, program, and institution level through practical study using survey lists for the teaching courses of government and private universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Findings: The studies showed that almost all of the factors studied are highly reliable among themselves, and that they must be seen as coherent, when analyzing their impact on the learning outcomes of marketing education. Applications: The study provided guidance for, administrators, curriculum and course designers, and marketing teachers, to design high-quality marketing-management education programs, and in developing a self-diagnostic tool in which universities can determine their susceptibility to success and competition. Rooting / value: the current literature has shed light on the factors affecting the quality of management education. However, it was taken separately. Therefore, the research contributes to the existing literature by identifying the interrelationships between these factors, which have a role in improving the quality of marketing education

Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of Sesquiterpene Lactones of Wild Sudanese Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) through Their in vitro Inhibition of Dihydrofolate Reductase (DHFR)

Sudan is one of the countries severely afflicted with malaria. The spread of resistance of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum to currently used antimalarial drugs calls for continued efforts to discover new ones. Basil (Ocimum basilicum L), which grows widely as a rainy season wild annual plant, is used, limitedly though, as one of the folk remedies of malaria in Sudan. In this study, crude ethanol extracts of the leaves of wild basil caused 100%, 79.8% and 49% inhibition of the growth of P. falciparum, at doses of 500, 50 and 5 ?g/ml, respectively, when tested in vitro using RPMI 1640 media. Subsequent work focused on Sesquiterpene lactones present in the ethanol extract of basil, isolated as a group by the method of Harborne (1989) and further separated by preparative TLC, yielding 11 individual compounds. These separated compounds were evaluated for potential antimalarial activity by assaying their in vitro inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase (inhibitors of this enzyme deprive protozoa, as well as bacteria, of reduced folates, carriers of one-carbon fragments required for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids). Inhibition of DHFR was carried out using a commercially available DHFR enzyme (Sigma Co., USA) and spectrophotometrically following the coupled conversion of NADPH to NADP+. Of the eleven compounds, eluted from TLC plates and tested, two were inhibitory to DHFR, resulting in specific activities of 17.2 and 8.7 ?mole/min/mg protein. Further work is underway. Keywords: Antimalarial, Ocimum basilicum, Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors, Sesquiterpene lactone

Genetic variability and interrelationships of grain yield and its components of irrigated rice in Gezira

Nineteen genotypes of irrigated rice were evaluated at the Gezira Research Station Farm, Wad Medani, Sudan, for two consecutive seasons (2004 and 2005) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. This study was conducted to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, broad sense heritability and traits correlation with grain yield. The highest genotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance were recorded for plant height and number of panicles/m2, and the lowest for number of tillers/plant, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and panicle length, in both seasons. High heritability estimates (>80%) were recorded for plant height, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and 1000-grain weight. The highest estimate of heritability combined with the highest genetic advance as percentage of the mean was shown by plant height and 1000-grain weight, in both seasons. The high yielding genotypes were WITA5 (TOX 3255-82-1-3-2), IRI 3240-108-2-2-3(SAHEL.108)(FKR44) and TOX 3081-36-2-2-3-1. Their grain yields were 4.9, 4.9 and 4.6 t/ha, respectively. Grain yield/ha was significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of unfilled grains/panicle, plant height and days to 50% flowering. How-ever, it was significantly and positively correlated with number of tillers/ plant, number of panicles/m2, number of filled grains/panicle and 1000-grain weight, in both seasons. Path coefficient analysis indicated that number of filled grains/panicle, 1000-grain weight and number of panicles / m2 were the most directly related traits to grain yield/ha

Counseling Psycho-motor Program to Life Adaptation for Breast Cancer Women "Before and After Mastectomy"

Background: Breast cancer a form of major health and psychological crisis that affect women and its impact is similar to trauma, the patient psychological and social in a bad state. The main aim of this study was to assess the impact of the psycho-motor program to life adaptation for breast cancer women "before and after mastectomy". The participants were 45 female patients, recruited from the oncology department of the University Hospital in the Beni Suef Governorate. Data were collected on one tool consisting of three parts, sociodemographic questionnaire, post/traumatic stress disorder (PTTSD) questionnaire, and the psychological pressures questionnaire. Results indicated that, the highest statistically significant association was between psycho-motor program and life adaptation for breast cancer women "before and after mastectomy". Keywords: Counseling, Psycho-motor, Adaptation, Breast cancer, Mastectomy

Polyorchidism: case report and literature review

Polyorchidism is a rare congenital anomaly frequently associated with maldescent testis, hernia, and torsion. Reports in the literature show an increased risk of testicular malignancy in the presence of polyorchidism. This entity has characteristic sonographic features and the diagnosis is often made on the basis of sonography. A conservative approach is the treatment of choice in uncomplicated cases. We report a male of 26-years old with 2 testicles in right side diagnosed by ultrasound. A brief history and review of the literature is also presente

Utility of Tissue Inhibitor Metalloproteinase-1 and Osteopontin as Prospective Biomarkers of Early Cardiovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetes

AIM: This work investigated associations between tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and diabetic cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetic patients; also it investigated the role of osteopontin in the diagnosis of type 2 cardiovascular diabetes complications.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: These were examined on eighty subjects, divided into three groups as follows: twenty volunteer healthy control subjects, thirty type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients, and thirty cardiovascular, diabetic patients. Full clinical measurements were carried out, and the expression level of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 in blood samples was analysed by real-time PCR, using gene-specific primer pairs. Also osteopontin concentrations had been measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were tested statistically by parametric tests.RESULTS: The concentrations of osteopontin and the expression levels of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 were significantly increased in diabetic and cardiovascular diabetic groups compared to control group also they were significantly increased in the cardiovascular diabetic group compared to the diabetic group.CONCLUSION: Tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-1 and osteopontin concentrations were significantly increased in diabetic patients with cardiovascular complications than other groups

Backpropagation Neural Network Based on Local Search Strategy and Enhanced Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Breast Cancer Diagnosis

The role of intelligence techniques is becoming more significant in detecting and diagnosis of medical data. However, the performance of such methods is based on the algorithms or technique. In this paper, we develop an intelligent technique using multiobjective evolutionary method hybrid with a local search approach to enhance the backpropagation neural network. First, we enhance the famous multiobjective evolutionary algorithms, which is a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). Then, we hybrid the enhanced algorithm with the local search strategy to ensures the acceleration of the convergence speed to the non-dominated front. In addition, such hybridization get the solutions achieved are well spread over it. As a result of using a local search method the quality of the Pareto optimal solutions are increased and all individuals in the population are enhanced. The key notion of the proposed algorithm was to  show a new technique to settle automaticly artificial neural network design problem. The empirical results generated by the proposed intelligent technique evaluated by applying to the breast cancer dataset and emphasize the capability of the proposed algorithm to improve the results. The network size and accuracy results of the proposed method are better than the previous methods. Therefore, the method is then capable of finding a proper number of hidden neurons and error rates of the BP algorithm