Semi-modified carrot diet alleviates the toxicity effects of dimethoate in albino rats

Background: Dimethoate is an effective organophosphate pesticide that used heavily against a broad range of insects and mites and is also used indoor to control house flies. Investigators have shown that dimethoate has immunotoxicologic effects and carcinogenic potential. Moreover, it has been shown to cause adverse reproductive effects in rats Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the toxicity effects of dermal and oral administration of the technical (TD) and the formulated dimethoate (FD) in rats and the possibility of alleviating the toxicity effects by semimodified diet of carrot as a source of antioxidant agents. Results: Ten groups of albino rats were used in this experiment. Five groups of them fed on standard diet (SD-groups) and the other five fed on semi-modified carrot diet (15% carrot) (MD-groups). In each of these previous groups (SD & MD); one group untreated (served as negative control), the second group ingested orally with TD, the third group ingested orally with FD, the fourth group administered dermally with TD and the fifth group administered dermally with FD. Body weight gain, feed intake, feed efficiency, organs weight, liver glycogen, blood sugar, thyroid hormones (T4 and T3) and lipid profile were estimated. The results revealed that, the treatment with 1/25 LD50 of technical and formulated dimethoate insecticide reduced the values of body weight gain, feed efficiency and body weight gain ratio compared to the control animals. The reduction was higher in the animals treated with the formulated dimethoate compared to the animals treated with the technical dimethoate. In both cases, the oral administration was more effective than the dermal administration. On the other hand, the liver, kidney, heart and spleen weight of the treated animals were higher than the control. The increment of organ weight was higher in formulated dimethoate treated animals compared to the technical treated animals and the oral administration was more effective than the dermal administration. The biochemical analysis showed that the treatment with technical or formulated dimethoate increased the blood glucose level and the thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), while the treatment decreased the liver glycogen contents, total lipids, total cholesterol and total phospholipids. In the same manner, the effect of the formulated dimethoate was more pronounced than the technical dimethoate and the oral ingestion was more effective than the dermal administration. Feeding the animals on the semi-modified carrot diet (15% dried carrot) alleviated the harmful effects of the insecticide, indicated by returning the values of the estimated parameters around the normal values. Conclusion: it can be concluded that, carrot has the potential to reduce the harmful toxicity of dimehoate, thus can be recommended to dimethoate producers, pesticide workers and farm owners, whom expose to this insecticide risk

Buffalo Yogurt Fortified with Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) Essential Oils: New Insights into the Functional Properties and Extended Shelf Life

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) essential oils (EOs) stand out for their benefits in terms of health and functionality. Buffalo set yogurt enriched with different concentrations of EOs (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) were investigated. The effects of addition on sensory, syneresis, antibacterial activity, and bioactive properties (total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of yogurt were studied. The most acceptable organoleptic properties of treated yogurt were those samples treated with Eucalyptus oil. The levels of syneresis were decreased by increasing the concentration of EOs. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and total phenolic content were enhanced by increasing the concentration of EOs. Yogurt with 0.9% Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The same concentration of Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium (the inhibition zone was 20.63 mm) then E. coli (the inhibition zone was 19.43 mm). On the other hand, the highest antibacterial effect against L. monocytogene was for Myrrh oil-enriched yogurt by 0.9% and the inhibition zone was 19.21 mm. The obtained results showed that Eucalyptus and Myrrh oils can be applied to yogurt to improve its beneficial properties in terms of physical characteristics and for human health due to their antioxidant activity and phenolic materials

Buffalo Yogurt Fortified with Eucalyptus (<i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>) and Myrrh (<i>Commiphora Myrrha</i>) Essential Oils: New Insights into the Functional Properties and Extended Shelf Life

Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) and Myrrh (Commiphora Myrrha) essential oils (EOs) stand out for their benefits in terms of health and functionality. Buffalo set yogurt enriched with different concentrations of EOs (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9%) were investigated. The effects of addition on sensory, syneresis, antibacterial activity, and bioactive properties (total phenol content and antioxidant activity) of yogurt were studied. The most acceptable organoleptic properties of treated yogurt were those samples treated with Eucalyptus oil. The levels of syneresis were decreased by increasing the concentration of EOs. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, antibacterial activity, and total phenolic content were enhanced by increasing the concentration of EOs. Yogurt with 0.9% Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content. The same concentration of Eucalyptus oil showed the highest antibacterial activity against S. typhimurium (the inhibition zone was 20.63 mm) then E. coli (the inhibition zone was 19.43 mm). On the other hand, the highest antibacterial effect against L. monocytogene was for Myrrh oil-enriched yogurt by 0.9% and the inhibition zone was 19.21 mm. The obtained results showed that Eucalyptus and Myrrh oils can be applied to yogurt to improve its beneficial properties in terms of physical characteristics and for human health due to their antioxidant activity and phenolic materials