Trust and cultural factors impacting on information system compliance through the lens of Arab culture in a Saudi Arabian company

Previous studies explored some factors that impact on information security but research that presents a comprehensive understanding of managing information security through the lens of local Arab culture has been lacking. Hence this research investigates various cultural factors to enable local organizations to holistically adopt those factors to manage information security compliance in the Middle Eastern Arab region. This study used a quantitative research approach, and a web-based questionnaire was custom designed and administrated to a representative sample of 300 of which there were 247 usable responses. Following a series of pilot phases, the data was analysed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with AMOS, and SPSS software. The sample was drawn from a total of 1500 local Arab employees within a Saudi Oil Company. An initial model linked the 6 factors that were latent in the literature. The initial model connected trust, workplace culture, leaders, western technology, employees’ alignment with information security. However, that model was found to be inadequate and following analysis of the pilot data from 3 pilot phases, a final parsimonious model showed 8 interconnections between 6 new emergent factors. That model contained belief, expectation, and trustworthiness of co-workers, workplace culture and supportive leadership, trust towards others, Western IT satisfaction, data privacy, and ISS compliance. Hence, this research makes a novel contribution by modelling the information security compliance in the lens of the local Arab region and leads the way for further research in the context of information security culture in the Arab region. This research was first to be conducted Information Security Management through the lens of Arab culture and opens-up many new avenues for future research in the context of Arab culture and Information Security Management

Coronary artery bypass grafting in a patient with polycythaemia rubra vera - a rare indication with a spectrum of complication: a case report

Coronary artery bypass surgery for coronary artery thrombosis in patients with polycythaemia rubra vera has been rarely described. The main issue with such patients is their risk of both bleeding and thrombosis and as such the ideal postoperative management of such cases is unknown. Hereby, we describe a case of a 62-year-old man with polycythaemia rubra vera who underwent coronary artery bypass surgery. Although his initial postoperative course was complicated, his long-term outcome was good

Production and Purification of Laccase Enzyme by Klebsiella pneumoniae K7

Sixty-four isolate were klebsiella pneumoniae. Fourteen bacteria isolates “Kelbsiella species” were taken from soil and water hospital in the period between October to December 2018, those isolated were cultured on a blood agar to test their ability to hydrolytic due to formation the inhibition  zone . Twenty one isolates of K. pneumoniae were selected to be cultured in mineral salt agar for testing their efficiency to produce laccase enzyme .The efficient isolate was diagnosed depending on phenotypic, microscopic and biochemical tests to be Klebsiella pneumoniae K7. Laccases (benzenediol: oxygen oxidoreductases; EC: 1.10.3.2) are  subfamily of multicopper oxidases (MCOs) from Klebsiella pneumoniae K7 has been partially characterized by many researchers. In this paper, we purified laccase to homogeneity from Klebsiella pneumoniae K7  with about 10.82 ; 5.12 purification fold and a 34.14; 21.46% recovery by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatographic respectively.  The molecular weight of the Laccase as determined by gel filtration chromatography using Sephacryl S-200 gel was 120 KDalton. Keywords: Laccases , Klebsiella pneumoniae, molecular weight, purification. DOI: 10.7176/CMR/10-5-03 Publication date:May 31st 202

Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Neuron-Like Cells induced by using β-mercaptoethanol

 تم استخدام الخلايا الجذعية المشتقة من Adipose cells  كبديل لخلايا نخاع العظام في هذه الدراسة. الهدف: تم عزل الخلايا في المختبر، وتحديد هوية الخلايا الناتجة، وبعدها تحفيز تمايزها من خلايا جذعية الى خلايا عصبية من أجل إنتاج الخلايا العصبية والتي من شأنها أن تكون مفيدة في علاج إصابات الأعصاب. طرائق العمل: تم عزل الخلايا الجذعية المزنكيمية من الخلايا تحت الجلد لجذع الفئران المختبرية. بعدها تم تحفيز تمايز الخلايا الناتجة الى خلايا عصبية باستخدام مادة تحفيزية هي  β-mercaptoethanol . ولغرض اثبات تمايز الخلايا الناتجة تم استخدام نوعين من الماركرات لمرحلتين متتاليتين من مراحل انتاج الخلايا العصبية وهما nestin  وهو ماركر موجود في المراحل الاولية للانتاج ( أي الخلايا العصبية في المراحل الاولية للتمايز او غير الناضجة) و neurofilament light-chain وهو ماركر موجود في المرحلة المتقدمة (أي الخلايا العصبية المكتملة التمايز او الناضجة). النتائج: أظهرت نتائج الكيمياء المناعية ICC نجاح استخدام مادة الـ β-mercaptoethanol في إنتاج الخلايا العصبية. ويعزى ذلك إلى الزيادة التصاعدية والإفراط الكبير في التعبير عن بروتين nestin خلال فترات التعرض المختلفة لمادة التمايز العصبي. وبالمقارنة كان مستوى التعبير عن بروتين neurofilament light-chain أقل خلال فترات التعرض لمادة التمايز العصبي بالمقارنة مع الخلايا الجذعية  المزنكيمية قبل التمايز والتي استخدمت للمقارنة والتي أظهرت مستويات تعبير منخفضة جدا لكلا الماركرات. الاستنتاج: تشير نتائج هذه الدراسة إلى أن خلايا الـ Adipose  تمثل مصدراً جيداً لانتاج الخلايا العصبية ويمكن الحصول عليها بسهولة مقارنة مع خلايا نخاع العظام المستخدمة عادة في الانتاج.Background: Adipose derived-mesenchymal stem cells have been used as an alternative to bone marrow cells in this study. Objective: We investigated the in vitro isolation, identification, and differentiation of stem cells into neuron cells, in order to produce neuron cells via cell culture, which would be useful in nerve injury treatment. Method: Mouse adipose mesenchymal stem cells were dissected from the abdominal subcutaneous region. Neural differentiation was induced using β-mercaptoethanol. This study included two different neural stage markers, i.e. nestin and neurofilament light-chain, to detect immature and mature neurons, respectively. Results: The immunocytochemistry results showed that the use of β-mercaptoethanol resulted in the successful production of neuron cells. This was attributable to the increase and significant overexpression of the nestin protein during the early exposure period, which resulted in the expression of the highest levels of nestin. In comparison, the expression level of neurofilament light-chain protein also increased with time but less than nestin. Non-treated mesenchymal stem cells, considered as control showed very low expression for both markers. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that adipose mesenchymal cells represent a good, easily obtainable source of bone marrow cells used to developing the differentiation process

Alloimmunization in Transfusion Dependent Thalassaemic Patients.

Background: Life-long red blood cells (RBCs) transfusion remains the main treatment for severe cases of thalassaemia. The development of anti-RBC antibodies (alloantibodies and for autoantibodies) can significantly complicate transfusion therapy. Some alloantibodies are hemolytic and may cause, though not invariably, hemolytic transfusion reactions and limit the availability of further safe transfusion. Erythrocyte autoantibodies appear less frequently in blood cross match. Patients and methods: This is a descriptive study ducted at Al-Karama Thalassaemia Center in Baghdad .The sampling was done from September 2005 to April 2006 and all patients were diagnosed as Thalassaemia Major according to the hemoglobin electrophoresis results were included in the study (60 patients). Antibodies identification was carried out on serum employing commercial two cell panel, using standardized blood bank methods. If the patients were found to have irregular red cell alloantibodies, then the antibodies identification was performed by indirect coombs test using 18 panel cells. Results: Sixty thalassaemic patients were included in the study, 35 patients were males and 25 females. The age of patients ranged from 18 months to 33 years (median 25.2 7). Irregular red cell antibodies were found in 9 patients (15%). Mean age of patients who developed red cell antibodies was 25.2±7.0 years. Two patients developed autoantibodies (3.3%) and seven patients developed alloantibodies (11.7%).Six patients developed single antibodies (10%) while 3 patients developed multiple antibodies (5.0%). Total anti-k was found in 4 patients (6.7%), two patients had anti-k 1 and two patients had anti-k2. The higher rate of alloimmunization was in the rhesus Rh system, which was detected in (8.3%) 5 patients (one patient developed anti-D, one patient developed anti-c and 3 patients developed total anti-e). while total anti-M presented in 3 patients(5.09%)while one patient developed anti-Lea (1.7%).  Conclusion: We concluded that there is a relatively high rate of alloimmunization in our set of patients when compared to data from Iraq geographic region. However, more data required from various other large centers in Iraq. It is recommended that red cell alloimmunization should not be overlooked in patients with B- thalassaemia major receiving regular blood transfusion. Those patients with Thalassaemia Major repeatedly suffer from hemolytic transfusion reaction or not being able to maintain hemoglobin at desired level in spite of regular transfusion due to the presence of irregular alloantibodies in their circulation. Proper blood cross matching, regular screening, detection & identification of the red blood cell alloantibodies would add towards the better management of these patients & reduce the chance of development of these irregular antibodies & other possible additional alloantibodies

In vitro isolation and expansion of neural stem cells NSCs

     الخلايا الجذعية العصبية (NSCs) هي خلايا مولدة لديها القدرة على التجديد الذاتي والقدرة على التمايز إلى خلايا عصبية نجمية astrocytes ، وخلايا عصبية قليلة التفرع  oligodendrocyte، و خلايا عصبية neuron . في هذه الدراسة تم عزل الخلايا الجذعية في المختبر ، وتنميتها في المختبر ، وتحديد هويتها ، ومن ثم انتاج الخلايا الجذعية العصبية وحفظها بالنيتروجين السائل كمصدر خلايا ناجح لاستخدامها لاحقا في التجارب العلاجية. تم استخدام نخاع عظم الفأر كمصدر للخلايا الجذعية العصبية في هذه الدراسة. أظهرت نتائج دراسة الشكل المظهري والكيمياء المناعية للخلايا المعزولة أنه يمكننا إنتاج الخلايا الجذعية العصبية NSCs بنجاح والحفاظ على تجديدها الذاتي وتشكيلها بنجاح في الغلاف العصبي ولتمريرات متعددة. تم الحفاظ على الشكل المظهري للخلايا الناتجة وتخزينها في النيتروجين السائل لتكون مصدرا جاهزا للاستخدام في التجارب كنموذج لعلاج الاضطرابات العصبية.   Neural stem cells (NSCs) are progenitor cells which have the ability to self‑renewal and potential for differentiating into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The in vitro isolation, culturing, identification, cryopreservation were investigated to produce neural stem cells in culture as successful sources for further studies before using it for clinical trials. In this study, mouse bone marrow was the source of neural stem cells. The results of morphological study and immunocytochemistry of isolated cells showed that NSCs can be produced successfully and maintaining their self‑renewal and successfully forming neurosphere for multiple passages. The spheres preserved their morphology in culture and cryopreserved to be a ready source for use in experiments as a model for neurological disorders

The relationship between statin therapy and adipocytokine/inflammatory mediators in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients: A comparative study

Background: Statins have emerged as a vital therapeutic option for dyslipidemia, effectively reducing morbidity and mortality in individuals with various medical conditions. Recent research has shed light on the intricate pathophysiology of atherosclerosis, which involves lipid accumulation and inflammatory mediators. This research was conducted to assess the correlation between statin therapy and adipocytokine and inflammatory mediator levels in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients. Methods: A total of 67 dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients were enrolled, alongside 33 healthy controls. The participants were categorized into three groups: Group (A), comprising patients undergoing statin therapy (n = 34), Group (B), consisting of patients not receiving statin therapy (n = 33); and Group (C), comprising healthy controls (n = 33). Results: Patients not receiving statin therapy exhibited significant dyslipidemic profiles compared to patients undergoing statin therapy and healthy controls. Levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were higher in patients not receiving statin therapy. Serum levels of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) were higher in the statin group than in the non-statin group and controls. Additionally, PCSK9 levels were higher in patients treated with rosuvastatin than those treated with atorvastatin. Conversely, levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were lower in the statin group compared to the non-statin group and controls. Although no significant difference in RBP4 levels between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin users was found, atorvastatin displayed lower RBP4 values. The study also revealed lower C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in the statin group, primarily in the rosuvastatin subgroup, compared to the non-statin group. Conclusion: Statin therapy increased PCSK9 levels, with a more pronounced rise observed in patients treated with rosuvastatin than atorvastatin. Statin therapy proved protective by reducing RBP4 and CRP levels in dyslipidemic nondiabetic patients