The Effect Of Temperature On The Electrical Conductivity And Microstructure Behaviour Of Silver Particles

Silver conductive ink has been used in the electronics industry due to their potential advantages such as high electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity. However, silver needs to undergo a curing process to reduce the porosity between particles as well as to have a smooth conductive track to ensure maximum conductivity. Therefore, the effect of temperature on the electrical conductivity and microstructure were explored. The printing of silver conductive paste was executed on a polymer substrate through screen printing before analysis. Next, an electrical analysis was done to measure the conductivity by using a 4-point probes instrument, followed with microstructure and mechanical analysis which were carried out to observe the structure behaviour and hardness of silver respectively with respect to temperature. The study found that the electrical conductivity of silver increases when temperature elevated. Besides that, the microstructure of silver has a larger size with the increase in temperature, correspondingly cause the silver to have less hardness. In conclusion, temperature plays significant roles in increasing the electrical conductivity of silver

Evaluation Of Mechanical Properties On Vulcanized SMRCV-60 And ENR-25 Of Flexible-Rigid Body Vibration Isolator

This paper presents the evaluation of tensile test results on mechanical properties of local natural rubber called the standard Malaysian rubber constant viscosity-60 and the epoxidized natural rubber 25% with different carbon loadings for vibration isolators. The tensile test was carried out to determine the breaking point for both specimens. Based on the results, the lowest recorded tensile strength was identified in rubber compound containing 0 phr carbon, and the maximum tensile strength values were evaluated with higher phr carbon. The results also showed that the carbon reinforcement was proportion with the values of the tensile strength. The recorded Young’s Modulus and the values of the modulus depend on the values of carbon content in the rubber compound. By increasing the percentage of carbon, the modulus also increased. The pattern of the stress-elongation curve was also significantly changed by increasing the tensile strength. The deformation of the secondary bonding within rubber and fillers was also evaluated and the bonding became stronger by increasing the carbon. In conclusion, it is found that by increasing the carbon percentage in both types of rubber compound contributes to higher mechanical properties of the samples

Applying active force control with fuzzy self-tuning PID to improve the performance of an antilock braking system

One of the safety devices in ground vehicles is anti-lock brake system (ABS) that works to prevent wheel lockup when sudden braking happen. The existence of this system in the vehicles gives it the power to control the pressure level in order to preserve the stability of the wheel slip and hence of the vehicle. Though, the ABS displays vigorous nonlinear behavior at any point, the vehicle fitted with the controller might have a propensity for instability. This paper presents a new robust control approach based on an active force control (AFC) loop coupled with a self-tuning fuzzy logic (FL) based proportional-integralderivative (PID) control scheme for the effective performance of the proposed ABS through the simulation analysis. To achieve a satisfactory result in the controller, both the FLPID and FLPID-AFC schemes are simulated and compared. The results is clear that, relative to the FLPID with the AFC scheme displays a quicker and better response under different operating conditions and loads compare with the FLPID controller. The implementation of the AFC-based controller into the ABS offers robust and stable performance that is capable of being deployed on the ground vehicle in a real-time and workable syste

Applying active force control with fuzzy self-tuning pid to improve the performance of an antilock braking system

One of the safety devices in ground vehicles is anti-lock brake system (ABS) that works to prevent wheel lockup when sudden braking happen. The existence of this system in the vehicles gives it the power to control the pressure level in order to preserve the stability of the wheel slip and hence of the vehicle. Though, the ABS displays vigorous nonlinear behavior at any point, the vehicle fitted with the controller might have a propensity for instability. This paper presents a new robust control approach based on an active force control (AFC) loop coupled with a self-tuning fuzzy logic (FL) based proportional-integralderivative (PID) control scheme for the effective performance of the proposed ABS through the simulation analysis. To achieve a satisfactory result in the controller, both the FLPID and FLPID-AFC schemes are simulated and compared. The results is clear that, relative to the FLPID with the AFC scheme displays a quicker and better response under different operating conditions and loads compare with the FLPID controller. The implementation of the AFC-based controller into the ABS offers robust and stable performance that is capable of being deployed on the ground vehicle in a real-time and workable system