Research trends in hepatitis C at Pakistan from 2014 – 2018

Abstract: Purpose: This retrospective study, evaluate the publications published in PubMed Indexed journals through authors who participated as the first or as a participatory author associated with institutes functioning in Pakistan. Methods: The information related to literature in hepatitis C was published, and retrieved on October 1st, 2019 from the PubMed/Medline database to tabulate in Microsoft Excel 2010. Yearly growth of articles, the pattern of authorship, position and participation of the author in manuscript, subject-wise distribution of research, the involvement of institutes, and frequency of journals were objectives from the period 2014 - 2018. Results: This study showed that 93 institutes are functioning in Pakistan contributed and participated with collaboration nationally and internationally in n=291; 24.2 per annum and 4.8 articles per month and 58.2 average articles are written by 1744; 5.9 authors were published from 2014 – 2018. The institutional repository shows that the majority of articles 134; 46 were written and participated by a single institute. The inclusion of 258; 88.6 authors from the host country as the first author and followed by 11; 3.7 as the second author out of 291 manuscripts shows the severity of the topic. The presence of 280; 96.2 of multi-authorship is strengthened to the importance of collaborative communications in research. Pharmacology 64; 22%, took the importance followed by Hepatology 41; 14%, Community Medicine 34; 11.6% and Chemistry / Biochemistry 30; 10.3% in specialties and subspecialties as a subject out of 23 subjects. Conclusion: This research shows the timely and significant responses from the researchers of the host country to tackle the burden and shared their part in preventive and cure measures. Drug therapy, the functioning of laboratories, and the prevailing awareness in society about this disease are on top priority among the common people, Government bodies, and intellectuals of academics

A Simulation Environment for enhancing the student experience in advanced networking concepts

Several subjects in Computer science necessitate practical and realistic classes in addition to supporting the theoretical underpinning taught to the students. In various subjects’ practical exposure & skill is imperative to meet the industry requirements. However, educational establishments can't provide an out-and-out environment for every student to practice. Providing an appropriate Lab for apprentices that bestows desired exposure and feel of a real Network has been a challenging task for every educational establishment. Virtual Labs have been a major milestone and are effectively implemented in numerous colleges and universities throughout the world. In this article, the author is providing a complete setup and functionality of Implementing Virtual Private Networks using virtual Labs to reflect a more realistic and appropriate Networking environment for instructional and educational purposes. Fresh graduates or Diploma holders rarely have practical exposure and experience in deploying and implementing VPNs. Establishing a Virtual Private Network is a cumbersome job, and lack of practical exposure makes it even difficult for a fresher to establish one exclusively for the employer. The Author is providinga guideline for the users so that they can establish Virtual Private Networks using virtual machines. Hencepresenting an environment wherein students can have numerous deployments of VPNs with different features. The students gain the required exposure and develop an understanding of Virtual Private Networks meticulously and pragmatically

A Comparative Evaluation of Comma-shaped Incision with Standard Incision in Mandibular Third Molar Surgery: A Clinical Study

Objectives: Many series of side effects will be produced with the extraction of impacted lower third molar which including pain, swelling, inflammation, and trismus. Flap design is important to allow good visibility, reach to the impacted tooth, and for healing of the surgically created defect. This study aims at the evaluation and comparison of standard flap design with comma type of flap design used in the surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar and to objectively evaluate the merits and demerits of individual flap design. Study design: In this study, 200 patients with bilateral mandibular third molars impaction of age group of 18 to 30 years were selected for the study, To reflect the mucoperiosteal flap on one side standard incision and on other side comma incision were used and, after which the steps are common in the removal of impacted third molars. Immediately on the postoperative days 1, 3 and 7, the postoperative parameters (pain, swelling and mouth opening were recorded. And periodontal status were recorded preoperatively, 1st month and 2nd month respectively.Results and conclusion: The pain and swelling scores were found to be significantly lower in the surgical area with comma incisions which was recorded on days 1, 3 and 7 as compared to the area where standard incisions were made. In mouth opening, there was a sufficiently great difference seen between the two incisions on first postoperative day, but though there was clinical difference between the two incisions on day 3 and 7 there was no statistical significance.The results of the study shows no lingual nerve paresthesia or any other morbidity hence, the new incision design should probably be made the conventional method, considering the less degree of postoperative complications encountered. although it may require some practice initially. Clinical implications: Third molar impactions are common and usually associated with postoperative complications, like pain, swelling, trismus and pocket formation. Incision and flap design is important in healing wound and minimizing postoperative complications. Comma incision design has shown less postoperative complication in compare to standard incision&nbsp

Grade Classification for Water Chestnuts, their Dimensional Properties and Correlation Analysis

66-70The aim of the present study was to devise the grade classification for whole water chestnuts and kernels and to determine their dimensional properties. The data generated during the study will help in designing post-harvest handling equipments for water chestnuts in future. The mean values of length, width and thickness for whole water chestnuts ranged between ≤ 30 - > 45mm; ≤ 23- > 35mm and ≤ 9 - >18mm from grade I (very small) to grade V (very large) respectively, whereas, the corresponding values for whole water chestnut kernels ranged between ≤ 18 - > 36 mm; ≤ 13- > 22mm and ≤ 7 - > 16 mm from grade I to grade V respectively.  For all the five devised grades, the mean values of derived dimensional properties were significantly (p<0.05) different in both whole water chestnuts as well as in kernels. Correlation analysis revealed significant (p<0.05) positive correlation among all the dimensional properties of whole water chestnuts. In case of whole water chestnut kernels, all the dimensional properties showed significant positive correlation with each other, except sphericity and aspect ratio, which showed non-significant positive and negative correlations with all the dimensional properties respectively

AUTOPSY: Knowledge and Perception of undergraduate medical students in current teaching system

Objective: To evaluate their acquaintance about autopsy, appropriate way of teaching and to appraise their views for the procedure of autopsy and recognition of Forensic as profession. Methodology: A cross sectional questionnaire-based study was done in 2015 to 2016, in a public university running modular system. Data were collected by convenient method, from students of 3rd year and ahead. More than 250 forms were distributed and only 193 completed and analyzed by SPSS 17. Results: Out of 193 students, 165 students claimed to recognize the “autopsy” and 28 not understand the procedure. Only 20 students observed more than 4 autopsies. Out of 193, 179 believed that Forensic education should not be scrapped from the medical syllabi. For teaching methodology 123 preferred a live autopsy and 64 students appreciated watching videos and only 6 favoured books. About 167 students stated autopsy as mandatory in all unsuspected deaths, and 172 agreed for usefulness in medical education but 111 found it disrespectful to the dead body. Around 166 students consider forensic not a prospective profession and 93 suggested its limited scope in Pakistan. Conclusion: Students were aware of the value and necessity of autopsy as a medicolegal procedure. Adequate time must be fixed for viewing autopsy procedures to insure their complete competency. There is need for continuing efforts to improve the teaching of autopsy within a modular system. &nbsp;Keywords:&nbsp; Autopsy, Undergraduate Medical Education, Forensic Medicine, Forensic Educatio

Landslide Investigation at Phata Village on Rudraprayag-Kedarnath Road, Uttaranchal — A Case Study

Phata village on the Guptakashi-Gaurikund road in the Mandakini valley of Garhwal Himalaya was affected by a major landslide on 16th July 2001 due to heavy rainfall. The debris flow not only swept away several houses but it also claimed 15 lives. A detailed landslide investigation was carried out to assess the present stability condition. Geotechnical investigation was carried out to determine the soil properties. Seismic refraction survey to determine the overburden thickness was also carried out using Engineering Seismograph. Slope stability analysis was carried out to ascertain the existing stability of the slope. It was found that with rise in pore pressure the slope is marginally stable. The seismic stability analysis showed that seismicity of the order of 0.15g may trigger slips on the slope. The human settlement on the downhill slope may get effected in the eventuality of slide due to seismicity or rain. The paper presents the results of the geological and geotechnical studies which helped to assess the present stability condition

A Game Based Innovative teaching and learning environment to enhance progression and performance of students

Activity-based and game-based learning environment significantly enhances the learning experience and stimulates interest and increases the attention span and concentration of learners. Game-based or activity-based learning becomes essential to achieve the learning objectives and overall comprehension of students of a particular concept. Several game-based classroom activities have been proposed in the past and implemented with quite a success rate. This research study proposes a game-based activity that is intended not only for enhancing attention span or generating interest in learning in students however it addresses several issues and takes into consideration (1) the importance of revision of topics and (2) the importance of identifying topics that students have not been able to fully or partially comprehend (3) feedback on the topics delivered (4) ensuring individual progress of students (5) enhances attention span of students (6) stimulates competitive environment, (7) enhances intrinsic motivation amongst students, and (8) enhances comprehension of concepts & progression of students