Comprehensive Invasive and Noninvasive Approach to Diagnosis and Management of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

In the United States, lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer mortality, with nearly 160,000 deaths estimated in 2014. Of newly diagnosed lung cancers, approximately 85% are non–small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and NSCLC can often be distinguished based on clinical presentation and imaging findings. When SCLC is suspected, the diagnosis is typically established using noninvasive or minimally invasive means, and treatment is dictated by a dichotomous disease characterization: limited stage versus extensive stage disease

Use of Risk Scoring System in Upper Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage: A Critical Review

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) represents a substantial clinical and economic burden with significant mortality and morbidity. Validated prognostic scales are used to stratify patients into low and high risk, on the basis of clinical, laboratory, and endoscopic criteria. Early identification of high-risk patients allows appropriate intervention, which minimizes morbidity and mortality. &nbsp

Evaluation of the learning environment and the perceived weakness of the curriculum: student perspective

Background: Educational environment has been shown to have influence on learning outcome and affects student achievement, satisfaction, and success. The study was conducted to assess medical students’ perception of their learning environment and to explore areas of weakness within the educational environment.Methods: A mixed method of study, was performed using non-probability sampling at the Faculty of Medicine, Gezira University (FMUG), Sudan. An updated Arabic Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) was developed and administered to 854 students during the academic year 2016-2017.Results: Seventy five percent of students completed the inventory (638/854) and Sixty four percent (546/854) responded to the open-ended question providing comments and suggestions. The overall reliability coefficient alpha in this study was 0.914. The global score for this study was found positive (122/200). Students were most satisfied with the learning aspects, academic environment, and academic self-perception. However, they were unsatisfied with their teaching and social atmosphere (inadequate social support for stressed students, substandard teaching, overemphasised factual learning, unpleasant accommodation). The qualitative content analysis was performed and emerged with four themes: the physical environment, a number of students, pedagogical approaches and faculty-student communication.Conclusions: The study suggested the overall students’ perceptions of the educational environment in the FMUG were on the positive side. However, certain specific elements of the learning environment and educational programme need to be critically investigated and remedied. The updated Arabic DREAM can be used reliably in the context of medical education in Arabic speaking countries

Crystal structures of Rea1-MIDAS bound to its ribosome assembly factor ligands resembling integrin-ligand-type complexes

The Rea1 AAA(+)-ATPase dislodges assembly factors from pre-60S ribosomes upon ATP hydrolysis, thereby driving ribosome biogenesis. Here, we present crystal structures of Rea1-MIDAS, the conserved domain at the tip of the flexible Rea1 tail, alone and in complex with its substrate ligands, the UBL domains of Rsa4 or Ytm1. These complexes have structural similarity to integrin alpha-subunit domains when bound to extracellular matrix ligands, which for integrin biology is a key determinant for force-bearing cell-cell adhesion. However, the presence of additional motifs equips Rea1-MIDAS for its tasks in ribosome maturation. One loop insert cofunctions as an NLS and to activate the mechanochemical Rea1 cycle, whereas an additional beta-hairpin provides an anchor to hold the ligand UBL domains in place. Our data show the versatility of the MIDAS fold for mechanical force transmission in processes as varied as integrin-mediated cell adhesion and mechanochemical removal of assembly factors from pre-ribosomes

Effect of water current on underwater glider velocity and range

An autonomous underwater glider speed and range is influenced by water currents. This is compounded by a weak actuation system for controlling its movement. In this work, the effects of water currents on the speed and range of an underwater glider at steady state glide conditions are investigated. Extensive numerical simulations have been performed to determine the speed and range of a glider with and without water current at different net buoyancies. The results show that the effect of water current on the glider speed and range depends on the current relative motion and direction. In the presence of water current, for a given glide angle, glide speed can be increased by increasing the net buoyancy of the glider

Accumulation of toxic and essential trace metals in fish and prawns from Keti Bunder Thatta District, Sindh.

Abstract.-Toxic and essential trace element, contents of six fish and two prawn species from Keti Bunder were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The mean concentrations (µg g −1 wet weight) of toxic and trace elements in the muscle of fish and prawn were Cd: 0.024-0.035 and 0.025-0