Effectiveness of TNA Based Training in Karachi’s Pharmaceutical Industry

This research sets out to examine the effectiveness of TrainingNeed Analysis (TNA) based training and to determine whether it ishelpful in achieving organizational goals, enhancing KnowledgeSkills and Attitude and increasing number of customer (customerindex). This research focuses on pharmaceutical organizations ofKarachi. A survey of 180 sales employees of pharmaceuticalcompanies was conducted. SPSS Software was used for statisticalanalysis. This research concluded that TNA based training enabledemployees to reach their sales target, enhanced their Knowledge,Skills and Attitude and increased the customer index

What leads to Employee Engagement in Pharmaceutical Sector of Pakistan?

Managers and HR professionals are always concerned with the engagement of employees at the workplace. This study aims to explore the connection between employee engagement with job fit, psychological climate, leadership style, and affective commitment. A sample of 284 employees out of 365 participants was chosen from two pharmaceutical companies based in Karachi. SPSS was used to analyze the data and different statistical tools were applied. The results of the study showed that the independent variables i.e. job fit, psychological climate, leadership style, and affective commitment have a significant and positive influence on employee engagement. All the hypotheses were failed to reject. This study can help HR professionals in designing a strategy for retention and engagement. The results which are presented in this study can help organizations to identify the potential reasons for engagement which leads to high productivity and profitability

THE IMPACT OF ENDORSER'S CREDIBILITY ON CONSUMER RESPONSES: AN EMPIRICAL ENDEAVOR

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of endorser's credibility on consumer responses. It also explores the mediating role of attitude towards advertisement (ATA) and moderating role brand awareness (BA). Data were collected from two hundred and sixty-three educated consumers to test the proposed hypotheses. The results suggested that the endorser's credibility (attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness) positively impacts ATA and purchase intention (PI). Moreover, ATA mediates between endorser's credibility and PI. It was also found that brand awareness moderates the relationship between ATA and PI. The findings of this study imply that advertisers should carefully consider the endorser's credibility before the selection. In contrast, ignoring these factors could lead to adverse effects on consumer responses. Theoretical implications are also discussed, which are presented in the proceeding sections

THE IMPACT OF ENDORSER'S CREDIBILITY ON CONSUMER RESPONSES: AN EMPIRICAL ENDEAVOR

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of endorser's credibility on consumer responses. It also explores the mediating role of attitude towards advertisement (ATA) and moderating role brand awareness (BA). Data were collected from two hundred and sixty-three educated consumers to test the proposed hypotheses. The results suggested that the endorser's credibility (attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness) positively impacts ATA and purchase intention (PI). Moreover, ATA mediates between endorser's credibility and PI. It was also found that brand awareness moderates the relationship between ATA and PI. The findings of this study imply that advertisers should carefully consider the endorser's credibility before the selection. In contrast, ignoring these factors could lead to adverse effects on consumer responses. Theoretical implications are also discussed, which are presented in the proceeding sections

Paradigm shift in the surgical training: The era of innovation, simulation and beyond

This is an era of transformation of surgical education and training. Modern methods of training are being introduced at a rapid pace and are being adopted in surgical practice not only to improve the outcomes and patient satisfaction, but also to provide an opportunity to develop a new well-structured training curriculum by integrating both traditional and modern approaches to teach and learn surgical skills. Various surgical simulators are in use as training aids and are constantly undergoing further refinement and development. To achieve a smooth transition in surgical training to modern methods, a structured programme has to be developed and validated to bridge the gaps in terms of safety, efficiency and ethics during the training process

Confirmatory Analysis of the Factors of Competitiveness in the Textile Industry of Pakistan

This paper is focused on confirmatory analysis of  key determinants of competitiveness in the textile sector, with special reference to Pakistan. Researchers have conducted a survey that is designed to use financial side, productivity side, supply side, and demand side determinants to measure firms’ level Competitiveness. Primary data was collected at seven point scale from 354 respondents representing145 Listed Textile Companies at KSE. Collected data was then analyzed by using the confirmatory factor analysis to find out the rate of interdependency between the dependent and independent variables. The result shows that highest impact is being shown by the demand side determinants followed by financial side determinants. While the impact of productivity side and supply side determinants remained comparatively low

Confirmatory Analysis of the Factors of Competitiveness in the Textile Industry of Pakistan

This paper is focused on confirmatory analysis of  key determinants of competitiveness in the textile sector, with special reference to Pakistan. Researchers have conducted a survey that is designed to use financial side, productivity side, supply side, and demand side determinants to measure firms’ level Competitiveness. Primary data was collected at seven point scale from 354 respondents representing145 Listed Textile Companies at KSE. Collected data was then analyzed by using the confirmatory factor analysis to find out the rate of interdependency between the dependent and independent variables. The result shows that highest impact is being shown by the demand side determinants followed by financial side determinants. While the impact of productivity side and supply side determinants remained comparatively low

Coverage and predictors of vaccination among children of 1-4 years of age in a rural sub-district of Sindh

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the proportion of children 1-4 years of age vaccinated in the first year of their life and determine socio-demographic factors associated with vaccination in the rural sub-district Khairpur, Sindh, Pakistan.STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study.PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted in 9 Union Councils of sub-district Gambat, district Khairpur, Sindh, from August to October 2008.METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire based representative multi-stage cluster survey was conducted. A total of 549 children aged 1-4 years were assessed for coverage and predictors of vaccination. Univariate and multivariate analysis was done using logistic regression to determine the unadjusted and adjusted relationship between socio-demographic predictor and outcome (vaccination status).RESULTS: The coverage for complete vaccination was 71.9% (95%CI=68.1%-75.7%). Educational level of mother (p=0.042), father (p=0.001) and child birth at hospital (p=0.006) were significantly associated with the vaccination status. Mother\u27s educational level of intermediate and above was the strongest predictor (OR=12.19, 95%CI=1.57-94.3) for vaccination.CONCLUSION: Education of parents, particularly mother\u27s education was important determinant of vaccination status of the children. In addition, distance from taluka health facility and misconception of parents were among the main reasons of not getting the children vaccinated. There is a need to educate the parents especially mothers about the importance of vaccination and organize EPI services at Basic Health Unit level to improve the vaccination coverage in rural areas of Pakistan