Evaluation of strontium aluminate phosphorescent effect on blood as potential light source for phototherapy

Phototherapy has shown its effect on cell stimulation and inhibition based on Arndt-Schulz model. Even though this therapeutic method has apparent effect, but it has limitations for epithelial application due to limitations on light penetration. Hence, with the ideology of fully overcoming this limitation, phosphorescent powder (strontium aluminate) is proposed as the potential light source that emitting photon from inside the body for phototherapy purposes. The strontium aluminate powder used in the experiment has the highest peak absorption at wavelength around 650 nm and lowest at around 350 nm. According to FESEM images, the powder has the particle size varies from 10 to 50 μm at cubic phase. The assessment is done by studying the effect on erythrocyte after blood plasma is irradiated by strontium aluminate powder’s photon. The powder luminesces with a maximum at 491.5 nm when pumped with 473 nm laser at 100 mW in fixed amount of 0.005±0.001 g. Later, it is mixed with  centrifuged blood plasma for a predetermined time period (5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). From this study, it shows that 5 minutes irradiation is the optimum  period for erythrocyte in term of morphology enhancement and increase of UV-visible absorption spectrum with at least 21% in comparing  with control blood. While the significant increment located at wavelengths 340 nm and 414 nm with both increased by 54% and 41%, respectively. However, for 10 minutes and beyond, the irradiation leads to morphology deterioration while the UV-visible spectrum decrement starts at 15 minutes and beyond. In conjunction, a comparison between blood plasma that either interacted with powder emitting photon or powder with no emission shows that photon emission plays a role in the phototherapy effect.Несмотря на доказанную эффективность фототерапии, у этого метода есть ограничения для эпителиального применения из-за незначительного проникновения света. Авторами предложен фосфоресцирующий порошок (алюминат стронция) в качестве потенциального источника света, излучающего фотоны изнутри тела для целей фототерапии. Порошок алюмината стронция, использованный в эксперименте, имеет самое высокое пиковое поглощение при длине волны около 650 нм и самое низкое при длине волны около 350 нм. Согласно изображениям автоэлектронной сканирующей микроскопии, порошок имеет размер частиц от 10 до 50 мкм в кубической фазе. Оценка эффективности фототерапии с предложенным соединением проведена путем изучения воздействия на эритроциты облученной порошком плазмы крови. Фосфоресценция порошка с фиксированный массой 0,005 ± 0,001 г имеет максимум на длине волны 491,5 нм при накачке лазером с длиной волны 473 нм с мощностью 100 мВт. Затем его смешивают с центрифугированной плазмой крови в течение определенного периода времени (5, 10, 15 и 20 мин). Полученные результаты демонстрируют, что 5-минутное облучение является оптимальным периодом для эритроцитов с точки зрения улучшения морфологии и увеличения спектра поглощения УФ-видимой области по крайней мере на 21% по сравнению с контрольной кровью. При этом значительный прирост приходится на длины волн 340 нм и 414 нм, которые увеличиваются на 54% и 41% соответственно. Однако, для 10 мин и более облучение вызывает ухудшение морфологии, в то время как УФ-видимый спектр уменьшается начиная с 15 мин и позже. В связи с этим изучается сравнение плазмы крови, которая взаимодействовала с фосфоресцирующим порошком, с нефосфоресцирующим порошком, чтобы показать, что излучение играет роль в создании эффекта фототерапии

Energy Efficiency Prediction using Artificial Neural Network

Buildings energy consumption is growing gradually and put away around 40% of total energy use. Predicting heating and cooling loads of a building in the initial phase of the design to find out optimal solutions amongst different designs is very important, as ell as in the operating phase after the building has been finished for efficient energy. In this study, an artificial neural network model was designed and developed for predicting heating and cooling loads of a building based on a dataset for building energy performance. The main factors for input variables are: relative compactness, roof area, overall height, surface area, glazing are a, wall area, glazing area distribution of a building, orientation, and the output variables: heating and cooling loads of the building. The dataset used for training are the data published in the literature for various 768 residential buildings. The model was trained and validated, most important factors affecting heating load and cooling load are identified, and the accuracy for the validation was 99.60%

Intermediate Role of the Criterion of Focus on the Students Benefiting in the Relationship between Adopting the Criterion of Partnership and Resources and Achieving Community Satisfaction in the Palestinian Universities

The study aimed at identifying the intermediate role of the criterion of emphasis on students and beneficiaries in the relationship between adopting the criterion of partnership and resources and achieving the satisfaction of the society. The study used the analytical descriptive method. The study was conducted on university leadership in Al-Azhar, Islamic and Al-Aqsa Universities. The sample of the study consisted of (200) individuals, 182 of whom responded, and the questionnaire was used in collecting the data. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which were: The level of adoption by the Palestinian universities of the criterion of partnership and resources came to a large extent. The level of adoption by the Palestinian universities of the criterion of emphasis on the beneficiary students was very high. The criterion of partnership and resources to achieve the satisfaction of the community surrounding the Palestinian universities, the existence of a statistically significant impact of the adoption of the criterion of partnership and resources to strengthen the focus on students benefiting in Palestinian universities, The focus on the students benefiting from the satisfaction of the community surrounding the Palestinian universities, the existence of a statistically significant impact on the adoption of the criterion of partnership and resources to achieve the satisfaction of the community surrounding the Palestinian universities, The study presented a number of recommendations, most important of which are: Increase interest in the resource and partnership criterion through enhancing the university's resources and developing internal and external partnerships to serve the university and the society. Increase the focus on students and beneficiaries by providing an appropriate educational environment and academic programs that meet the needs of the labor market. Through the strengthening of existing community service centers and the establishment of new community centers, strengthening the partnership of industrial companies and promoting scientific research for the benefit of universities and society

The Availability of the Resource Standard and Partnership as One of the Possibilities of Excellence in Palestinian Universities According to the European Model

The study aimed to identify the availability of the resource and partnership standard as one of the possibilities of excellence in Palestinian universities according to the European model. The study used the analytical descriptive method. The study was conducted on the university leadership at Al - Azhar and Islamic Universities, where the study population consisted of (282) individuals. The study sample consisted of (135) individuals, (119) of them responded, and the questionnaire was used in collecting the data. The study has reached a number of results, the most important of which is the existence of a high standard of resources and partnership in the Palestinian public universities operating in the southern governorates. The fields of the resource and partnership criteria were as follows: (79.8%) management of internal and external partnerships; management of technical resources (technology) (76.4%), Buildings, equipment and resources (76%), Finance Management (72.8%). The study presented a number of recommendations, the most important of which is: Increasing the interest of universities in applying the criteria of resources and partnership as one of the criteria of excellence, increasing the interest of universities in managing finance and obtaining funding for their various activities, periodic maintenance of buildings and equipment and ensuring their suitability to the requirements of the educational process

The Influence of the Growth Time on the Size and Alignment of Zno Nanorods

Vertically aligned ZnO nanorods arrays were synthesized on glass substrates. ZnO seed layers were prepared on the glass substrate by RF Sputtering technique. ZnO nanorods synthesized using low-cost chemical bath deposition method at low temperature (95 ºC). The effect of the different growth time such as (0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5) h on the morphology, elemental chemical composition and structure of the ZnO nanorods were obtained systemically, and tested by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Energy dispersive analysis (EDX), and XRD measurements. The results found that the ZnO nanorods with hexagonal wurtzite structure grow vertically on the glass substrates. Most of the prepared samples have strong and sharp (002) peak intensities and the diffraction peaks (002) become higher and narrower as growth time increasing, obtaining that the ZnO crystalline quality became better with growth time increasing. The growth rate was decreased with increasing growth time, and the high aspect ratio was found at 4 h as a growth time. The size, length and crystalline size of the ZnO nanorods increase with increasing growth time. Furthermore, the ZnO nanorods vertically grow at (002) direction along the c-axis on the glass substrate, with elementary chemical compositions of zinc and oxygen only for all prepared samples

Investigation of Optical Properties of ZnO Nanorods Grown on Different Substrates

ZnO nanorods arrays are synthesized over the different substrates namely; Indium Tin Oxide (ITO), Kapton Tape (KT), Polyethylene terephthalate (PET), Porous Silicon (PS) and Silicon (Si) using modified chemical bath deposition (MCBD) method at 95 ºC for 4 h. The MCBD is the air bubbles inside growth solution during CBD process. The ZnO nano-seed layers are coated on different substrates using RF magnetron sputtering technique. The optical properties (transmittance, reflectance and energy band gap) and surface morphology of ZnO nanorods grown on different substrates have been investigated in details by using UV-Visible Spectrometer and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), respectively. The results found that the morphology and diameter of ZnO nanorods is closely concerned to the nature of substrates. Also it is indicated that the substrate has strong and important impact on the growth, optical properties, Egand quality of synthesized ZnO nanorods (NRs). The higher transmittance has been observed for ZnO NRs grown over KT substrates and is about (~ 33 %). The average transmittance decreases sharply near UV region at wavelength around 393 nm for ZnO nanorods grown on ITO substrate. However, for PET and KT substrates, the transmittance decreases sharply near visible region around 401nm and 498 nm, respectively. Besides, the ZnO NRs grown on PS substrate have the strong reflectance characteristics after approximately 395 nm, and then decreases in the wavelength range of 410 nm to 700 nm. On the other hand, the strong reflectance property of ZnO NRs grown on Si substrate is observed at 400 nm.  Also the minimum and maximum Egare obtained for ZnO nanorods that fabricated on the KT substrate and porous silicon substrate, respectively

Effect of tranexamic acid in prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in elective caesarean delivery: a randomized controlled study

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the ugly ghost that most obstetricians believe because many cases unpredicted and may be associated with rapid patient deterioration that may lead mortality or developing serious long-term morbidities. The objective of this study is to assess the efficacy of slowly intravenous administration of tranexamic acid in prevention and decline the severity of postpartum hemorrhage immediately prior to elective caesarean section.Methods: A double blinded, randomized, case control trial carried out at Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, South Valley University, Egypt from May 2017 to April 2018. This study was conducted on 500 full term pregnant women underwent elective caesarean section. The patients were divided randomly into: Group A (study group) included 250 patients received tranexamic acid 1gm slowly iv over 2 minutes at least 10 minutes before operation started and Group B (control group) included 250 patients that received placebo (normal saline NaCl 0.9%).Results: Incidence of PPH in group A and group B were (4.4% and 6.8) respectively, 1.2% in group A and 2.8% in group B had severe degree of PPH. Amount of blood loss immediately after placental delivery up to first 6 hours postoperative was statistically significant increase in placebo group than tranexamic acid group with p value <0.001.Conclusions: Tranexamic acid administration few minutes prior to elective cesarean section was effective in reducing the incidence and severity of PPH and decreased the use of additional uterotonic drugs and additional surgical interventions

Effect of gamma irradiation dose on the structure and pH sensitivity of ITO thin films in extended gate field effect transistor

Even though several studies have demonstrated the use of Indium Tin Oxides (ITO) as an extended gate field effect transistor (EGFET), the effect of different doses of gamma radiation on the intrinsic properties of the ITO films has not been considered. This study investigates the effect of gamma irradiation on the structural, optical, morphological and electrical properties as well as pH sensitivity (as an extended gate field effect transistor) of ITO thin films. ITO thin films with thickness of 400 nm were prepared using a radio frequency sputtering technique. The samples were then subjected to various doses of gamma radiation from a Co-60 radio-isotope (0.5 kGy, 1 kGy, 1.5 kGy, and 2 kGy). The structural and morphological changes as well as transmission and absorption of the thin films were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV–Vis spectrophotometry, before and after irradiation. The irradiated ITO thin films were then used as an extended gate field effect transistor to determine its ability to improve sensitivity as pH sensors. The grain size and transmittance in the range 300–900 nm of the ITO films were found to decrease with increasing gamma irradiation dose. In contrast, the uniformity and surface roughness of ITO thin films increased with increasing gamma radiation dose due to the formation of lattice defects. Moreover, the electrical resistance of the thin films increased with increasing dose because of the low current density and high number of surface defects associated with irradiation. The pH sensitivity of the ITO thin films improved after irradiation, possibly due to the concomitant increase in surface roughness with increasing radiation dose. The improvements in the pH sensitivity of ITO thin films after irradiation justify their potential use as pH sensors. Keywords: Indium Tin Oxide, Thin films, Gamma irradiation, Optical band gap, X-ray diffraction, EGFET, pH senso