Statistical verification of 2D-to-3D conversion of size and number density of particles

Particle/grain size and their number density arecommonly characterized in two dimensions (2D) from planaroptical or SEM micrographs of polished samples. Accurateconversion of such quantities into the three dimensional (3D)values are necessary for prediction of material properties.Several contradicting conversion correlations are available inliterature. The main objective of the current works it to verifysome of them. For this purpose, geometrical (3D) models ofrandomly distributed mono-size spheres were constructed andsliced at different planes. The particle count and their size werevariated within the same control volume. The statisticalinvestigations of the date suggested a (2D)-to-(3D) conversionfactor of 1.152377 ± 0.009427, which is very close to some ofearlier works [A. N. Sinha, 1999]

Graded cellular structures for enhanced performance of additively manufactured orthopaedic implants

Hip implants face a significant challenge due to their limited lifespan, a concern amplified by the rising human life expectancy. Lattice structures have demonstrated the ability to provide precise control over geometry, thereby significantly enhancing implant performance. This paper introduces the development of graded additively manufactured Ti6Al4V lattice structures for orthopaedic implants. The objective focuses on developing a graded lattice unit cell design mirroring human bone properties, emphasising high surface curvature and design versatility to improve mechanical and biomedical properties, specifically osseointegration and stress shielding. The study involves modelling and grading simple cubic (SC) and body-centred cubic (BCC) lattice structures with various geometries and graded conditions and conducting compressive tests to identify the optimal configuration. The results showed that filleting was found to be the mechanical strength. On the other hand, BCC lattice structures demonstrated superior performance compared to SC structures. The optimised structure with a pore size of 400 µm provided an elastic modulus of 15.7 GPa, yield strength of 296 MPa and compressive strength of 530 MPa. This graded lattice design approach provides a promising technique for enhancing hip implant performance, offering potential improvements

Effect of Filler Metal on the Performance of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel Weldments

The escalated concern in duplex stainless steels by industries is due to their best mechanical and corrosion resistance properties. In this work, the mechanical properties welding duplex stainless steel 2205 has studied. Joints were made using the GTAW process with different fillers: duplex ER 2209 and austenitic filler ER 312. There is a similarity in the microstructure which is obtained between with the duplex ER 2209 filler to the duplex 2205 base material, but the joints produced with the austenitic fillers cause a increase of the ferrite(δ) to austenite(γ) phase ratio. In order to evaluate the influence of the fillers on the weld, the mechanical properties by impact , tensile test and the hardness test. The phase imbalance produced for the different fillers causes variation of the mechanical properties. Without getting any detrimental changes in the mechanical properties, by using different filler metals, has addressed in this work .while, ER 312 had the advantage in hardness , tensile, impact test and ferrite percent

"Барьеры" общения мигрантов и Федеральной миграционной службы Российской Федерации

В статье анализируются причины барьеров, возникающих во взаимоотношениях иностранных граждан и сотрудников ФМС России. Основными факторами, влияющими на рост нелегальной миграции, названы недобросовестность работодателей, ограничение квот на привлечение иностранной рабочей силы, плохое владение русским языком, интересы теневого рынка, а также пробелы в нормативно-правовой базе миграционной политики страны. Отдельное внимание уделяется отсутствию единых правил заполнения унифицированных форм заявлений, что затягивает процесс получения статуса легального мигранта. Преодоление указанных барьеров возможно только после установления причинно-следственной связи и устранения причин