Trend of bed load material and bed load transport in Sungai Kenau for year 2013 until 2020

A study was carried out to determine the trend of bed load material characteristic and bed load transport rate in Sungai Kenau at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, Pahang between year 2013 until 2020. Sediment is a material that can be moved and deposited to the new location through the river. This study will be focusing in bed load transport as it is the key component to determine the sediment transport rate in the river. Two sampling station have been chosen to measure the bed load transport in year 2013 until to 2020. Schocklitsh and Duboys equation was used to predict sediment transport load and it was compared with measured sample from Helly-Smith equipment. The collected sample was analysed to determine the trend of bed load material and bed load transport in Sungai Kenau for year 2013 until 2020. According to Duboys calculation the highest bed load transport rate is Sample 1 with 0.013220 lb/sec and the lowest is on Sample 5 with 0.002310 lb/sec both of the samples are taken on the same station but on the different day. Meanwhile according to Schocklitsh calculation the highest bed load transport rate is Sample 7 with 3.79374 lb/sec and the lowest is on Sample 5 with 1.98018 lb/sec both of the samples also taken on the same station but on the different day. It can be sure that the higher flow rate of the river the higher bed load transport rate. It can be obtain that according to Wentworth Scale the median grain size in Sungai Kenau were between 0.68 mm to 2.6 mm where the bed material can be classified as coarse sand to the very fine gravel

Preliminary Study on Sediment Load at Sungai Galing, Kuantan, Pahang

In general, sediment comprises many shapes and sizes. The sediment size can be small, such as sand,small pebbles and silt, or large such as boulders, which are normally found upriver. Sediments found in estuaries are mostly fingrained, such as sand and silt. The speed at which water flows in rivers plays an important part in determining its capacity to carry away sediments. Slower moving rivers will have a lower rate of sediment movement. According to Allison, J (1995), the process of sediment deposition is also dependent on river discharge and speed of river flow. As such, a higher discharge values and water velocity would result in higher amounts of sediment. In addition, time is a factor whereby the longer the sediment deposition process, the higher the sediment loads.Over a period of time, the high amount of sediment will settle down and the accumulated sediment will eat up the river bed thus causing the river to overflow or flooding. Thus, knowledge of the quantity, quality and dynamics of sediments is essential for managing our water resources systems and to against negative effects from happen.A study on sediment load was conducted at the Galing River in three different days which are 28/02/13, 13/03/13 and 27/03/13. Three sampling point representing the length of Galing River which is about 7.7km has been selected: Station 1 (S1) upstream Galing River, Station 2 (S2) mid-streams Galing River and Station 3 (S3) downstream Galing River (Figure 1). Sediment samples were collected using grab sampler. Three sample replications were collected from each station and the finding was presented by the average of the replicated samples. The samples collected were analysed in the laboratory

Robustness analysis of model parameters for sediment transport equation development

Robustness analysis of model parameters for sediment transport equation development is carried out using 256 hydraulics and sediment data from twelve Malaysian rivers. The model parameters used in the analyses include parameters in equations by Ackers-White, Brownlie, EngelundHansen, Graf, Molinas-Wu, Karim-Kennedy, Yang, Ariffin and Sinnakaudan. Seven parameters in five parameter classes were initially tested. Robustness of the model parameters was measured on the statistical relations through Evolutionary Polynomial Regression (EPR) technique and further examined using the discrepancy ratio of the predicted versus the measured values. Results from analyses sugges

Determination of presence iron and manganese in Tasik Chini

This study investigates the current concentration of heavy metal in Tasik Chini which is iron and manganese. Status of water quality index (WQI) in the rivers at Tasik Chini namely Melai River, Jemberau River, Jerangking River and Gumum River was identified. The water quality results were classified based on the National Water Quality Standard, Malaysia (NWQS). Physical and chemical parameters such as pH, temperature, turbidity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Suspended Solids (SS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N), Phosphorus (P) were analysed on site and by laboratory experiments. Two types of heavy metals have been tested to determine the concentration of Iron (Fe) and Manganese (Mn) contained in the water samples in Melai River, Jemberau River, Jeranking River and Gumum River using laboratory tools named as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). This (ICP-MS) method is conducting by Central Laboratory in Universiti Malaysia Pahang. Based on the results of the study conducted according to the Water Quality Index (WQI) and National Water Quality Standard, Malaysia (NWQS), the water quality at selected locations which are Melai River, Jemberau River, Jerangking River and Gumum River at Tasik Chini was classified in Class II where conventional treatment are required. According to the results of the study, there are activities conducted around Tasik Chini which have caused water pollution which involves the release of heavy metals. Among the activities identified as the main cause of water pollution in Tasik Chini are iron mining, agriculture, illegal logging and waste disposal

Flood damage prediction system for disaster risk reduction

FDAPS is a flood damage prediction system capable to forecast the expected value of flood damage corresponding to the flood depth for a flood event. It is solely based on the damage data collected from major flood event for the respective location. The flood damage is described as a percentage of the total value of the damaged property, hence it can be used for any flood event. FDAPS give the prediction of damage based on the selection of area,category, and flood depth

Investigation of Sewage Flows in Universiti Malaysia PAHANG’s Sewerage System

Sewerage systems have long been one of the most critical infrastructure to any development project. The study presented here is part of a research that aim to evaluate the flow characteristics in sewerage systems. Sewage flow data was collected from a sewerage catchment within Universiti Malaysia PAHANG using an area-velocity flowmeter. The data obtained were extracted using a software associated to the flowmeter and analyzed for both dry and wet periods. The results show that the peak or maximum flow for the wet period with a rainfall intensity of 2.5 mm was twice as high for the dry period. The design criterion value back-calculated for the wet period was also twice the value for the design criterion value back-calculated for the dry period. This demonstrates that rainfall has an important effect on flows in sewerage system in that it increases the flow significantly. The k value back-calculated for both dry and wet periods were lower than the criterion recommended in Malaysian Standard MS1228:1991, suggesting that the current peak flow factor equation applied by the industry is over-adequate for sewerage catchments servicing the same population equivalent as this study

Study on Characteristics of Sediment and Sedimentation Rate at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, Pahang

AbstractRiver is important in human life. River is very useful and has various functions in human life such as for domestics, economics, connection for one place to others place and many more. The main function of the river is to flow the water to the water storage or sea. River also brings the sediment from upstream or from erosion process. Sediments may affect the characteristics and the rate of the river. The study of sedimentation rate is quite important for development our country. It also can avoid the problem which related to our human society such as flood and water quality. As example, the depth of river become shallow if the sedimentation occurred. It also will make the quantity of aquatic life will reduced. This study was carried out to determine the sedimentation rate for five locations in the study area at Sungai Lembing, Kuantan, using Duboys and Schoklitsch equation. The highest sedimentation rate using Duboys is 2.06 lb-sec/ft was obtained at Station 3 and the lowest sedimentation rate is 0.073 lb-sec/ft also at Station 3 but in different day. Meanwhile, by using Schoklitsch equation, the highest rate is 1.12 lb-sec/ft at Station 1 and the lowest rate at Station 5 with 0.263 lb-sec/ft. The results for Duboys indicated that the rate is related to the mean size of sediment and the cross section of the river. By using Schoklitsch, the results depend on the flow rate of the river. If the flow rate higher, the sediment rate will also increase. The sediment sample sieving test results was classified using U. S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE). The major size at Sungai Lembing for every station is in range between 2 mm-0.5mm (Medium sand) and the minor size of sediment for the five ungauged station is 0.25 mm- 0.0625mm (very fine sand)

Preliminary inflow and infiltration study of sewerage systems from two residential areas in Kuantan, Pahang / Hiew Thong Yap

Sewerage system is the sole infrastructure which conveys sewage to sewerage treatment plants. The usage of a sewerage system should be optimized at the design stage to enhance environmental protection and human health. Wastewaters flows are produced from domestic sewage whereas inflow and infiltration come from surface runoff and groundwater. The purpose of this study is to identify inflow and infiltration in sewerage systems around Kuantan. This study was conducted in residential catchments at Taman Lepar Hilir Saujana and Bandar Putra with population equivalent of 1253 and 1694, respectively. ISCO 674 Rain Gauge was used to measure rainfall intensity. ISCO 2150 and 4250 Area Velocity Flowmeters were collected wastewater flowrate data which measured at 5-minute intervals and analyzed separately for wet and dry period. Infiltration rate was obtained by comparing the upstream flow and downstream flow from the two selected manholes. Based on the result, the average infiltration rate of Qpeak and Qave was 13.7% and 21.2% higher than the 5% and 10% stated in Hammer and Hammer. Inflow and infiltration is a concern and more comprehensive studies are needed to initiate the review of a revised infiltration rate that is more relevant to the future climate

The modification of fiber-containing porous asphalt with various additives : A review

The use of porous asphalt pavement has increased in recent years compared to conventional asphalt pavement. In this regard, pedestrian walkways and parking lots often make use of porous asphalt. These kinds of additives should be used in porous asphalt pavement because they enhance the pavements serviceability and mechanical performance. These types of pavement are used in various types of fiber and additives to improve the porous asphalt pavements physical characteristics and decrease the air void in the asphalt mixture. Incorporating different types of fibers with various types of additives should increase the overall performance of porous asphalt pavement though fiber has a significant impact over the additives on pavement structure. However, some additives increase the mechanical properties of porous asphalt. Pavement design mechanism and size of aggregate is a valuable component of serviceability of porous asphalt pavement. Consider all this factor it is easily determines the strength and durability of porous asphalt pavement in the context of physical and mechanical performences. This review focus on the overall performances of porous asphalt incorporating fiber with various types of additive

Study on Characteristic of Bed Material and Bed Load Discharge in Sungai Jemberau, Tasik Chini

Tasik Chini is located in the state of Pahang about 100 km from Kuantan, the capital of the state of Pahang. Most of the lowland within the study area has been converted into agricultural and including rubber and oil palm plantations and mixed crops. This logging and mining activities gave impact to sediment characteristics and discharge. The purpose of this study was to identify the bed material characteristics and to determine the bed load discharge in Sungai Jemberau at Tasik Chini. Bed material sample was collect at Sungai Jemberau in 24 November 2016, 1 December 2016 and 5 March 2017. Bedload discharge also measured between these date. The bed load discharges also estimate by using Duboys and Schoklitschequation to identify the suitable predicted method for this area. From the analysis of the results, DuboysEquation was more suitable to predict and estimate the bed load discharges for Sungai Jemberau at Tasik Chini because the predicted value closer to measured value