The effect of sintering temperature on silica derived from rice husk ash - Nickel Oxide (SiO 2 -NiO) foam fabrication via slurry technique

Fabrication of ceramic foam has been an interesting study in the field of a porous material due to the excellent mechanical and physical properties. This study presents an approach for the fabrication of Silica (SiO2) derived from rice husk ash (RHA) and Nickel Oxide (NiO) foams using the slurry technique, highlighting the sintering temperature affects. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as binder and Polyurethane (PU) foam was applied as the space holder. The composition of SiO2 applied in this study was 20wt%. The PU foams dipped into SiO2-NiO slurry were dried and further sintered at three different sintering temperatures of 1050˚C, 1150˚C and 1250˚C. The morphologies of SiO2-NiO foams were observed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and physical properties were determined by using Archimedes method for investigating the total porosity and bulk density. The identification of phases of SiO2-NiO foams were analysed by using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The XRD analyses indicated that there were only SiO2 and NiO present and no additional phases detected after sintering which implied the compatibility of SiO2 derived from RHA and NiO even temperatures up to 1250˚C. The density values of the SiO2-NiO foams were found to increase with increasing of sintering temperature. The densities were found to be in the range 0.5239g/cm³ to 0.6210g/cm3 and the percentage of the foams porosity were in the range of 69.71% to 75.19% .Thus it is concluded that the slurry technique is found to be successful to fabricate the SiO2 as derived from RHA and NiO foams. The sintering temperatures was found to affect the SiO2-NiO foams in turns of the density and porosity of the foam

Effect of Sintering Temperature and AR Glass Addition towards Physical Properties of Porcelain Ceramic for Sewer Pipes Application

The current work is aimed to investigate significant phase changes at certain sintering temperature in manufacturing ceramic pipes for sewer application. The use of porcelain ceramic reinforced with milled Alkali Resistant (AR) fiberglass (3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt% and 12 wt%) was determined in this study. Both of raw materials were turned into powder to conduct thermal analysis and produce a compact sample. The powder was compacted by uniaxial pressing technique to examine the analysis of volume shrinkage. Volume shrinkage was done by measuring the dimension of green body and sintered sample (900°C, 1000°C 1100°C and 1200°C). The image of microstructural morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. TG graph indicates large amount of mass loss found to be 75% between 450°C to 800°C for porcelain and all mixtures. While DT graph reveals the endothermic shift produce at 250°C. The maximum volume shrinkage was obtained at 1200°C which is 31.7% with 3 wt% AR glass addition. The microstructural image proved the correlation to volume shrinkage. The presence of glassy phase demonstrates the formation of eutectic where shrinking particle takes place to construct dense sample

Effect of sintering temperature and AR glass addition towards physical properties of porcelain clay for sewer pipes application

The current work is aimed to investigate significant phase changes at certain sintering temperature with addition of Alkali Resistant (AR) glass in manufacturing clay pipes for sewer application. The use of porcelain clay reinforced with milled AR fiberglass (3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt% and 12 wt%) was determined in this study. Both of raw materials were turned into powder to conduct thermal analysis and produce compact samples. The powder was compacted by uniaxial pressing technique to examine the volume shrinkage. Volume shrinkage analysis was done by measuring the dimension of green body and sintered sample (900°C, 1000°C 1100°C and 1200°C). The image of microstructural morphology was observed by Scanning Electron Microscope. Thermogravimetric graph indicates large amount of mass loss found to be 75% between 450°C to 800°C for porcelain and all mixtures. While Differential Thermal graph reveals the endothermic shift was produce at 250°C. The maximum volume shrinkage was obtained at 1200°C which is 31.7% with 3 wt% AR glass addition. The microstructural image proved the correlation to volume shrinkage. The presence of glassy phase demonstrates the phenomenon of fluxing agent melts and bonding with porcelain where shrinking particle takes place to construct dense sample

The Characterization of Silica-Nickel Oxide (SiO2-NiO) Foam with Different NiO Composition and Sintering Temperatures / Syazwani Baharom...[et al.]

The porous Silica-Nickel Oxide (SiO2-NiO) ceramic had been fabricated by polymeric replication method, which produced high porosity with large interconnections. The influences of NiO composition on the morphology and properties of foams, including the compressive strength were studied. Polyurethane (PU) as the template was cut into a cylindrical shape of 12.5mm and 26.0 mm height. The PU template was impregnated in the prepared ceramic slurry which was a mixture of distilled water with Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), Polyethylene Glycol (PEG), Silica (SiO2) and Nickel Oxide (NiO). The composition of SiO2 was fixed at 55 wt.% with varied NiO content of 2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, 6 wt.% and 8 wt.%. The impregnated PU template was then dried in the drying oven and later the sintering process at temperatures of 1000ºC, 1100ºC and 1200ºC. The morphology of ceramic foam was analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), while properties of sintered foam were determined by porosity and density test, and compressive test. The window cell size was observed within 200-800 μm with porosity and density results was in the range of 54.48-66.21% and 0.81-1.21 g/cm3, respectively. The compressive strength of ceramic foam obtained was within 0.42-1.16 MPa

Parameter optimization towards highest micro MIM density by using Taguchi method

Nowadays, micro metal injection molding has become among the promising method in powder metallurgy research to produce small-scale intricate part at an effective process and competitive cost for mass production. This paper investigated the optimization of highest green strength which plays an important characteristic in determining the successful of micro MIM. In this paper, stainless steel SS 316L with D50 = 5.96µm was used with composite binder, which consists of PEG (Polyethelena Glycol), PMMA (Polymethyl Methacrilate) and SA (Stearic Acid). Feedstock with 61.5% with several injection parameters were optimized which highly significant through screening experiment such as injection pressure(A), injection temperature(B), mold temperature(C), injection time(D) and holding time(E). Besides that, interaction effects between injection pressure, injection temperature and mold temperature were also considered to optimize in the Taguchi’s orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (S/N-larger is better) for green density was also presented in this paper. Result shows that interaction between injection temperature and mold temperature(BxC) give highest significant factor followed by interaction between injection pressure and mold temperature(AxC). Single factor that also contributes to significant optimization are mold temperature(C) and injection time(D). This study shows that Taguchi method would be among the best method to solve the problem with minimum number of trials

An influence of the SS316L powder particle shape to the densification of metal injection moulding (MIM) compact

Metal injection molding (MIM) has acquired increasing importance as a production technique for small, complex stainless steel components [1, 2]. Sintering is critical for determining the final quality of the parts produced by MIM. Because high sintered density is imperative for good mechanical properties and corrosion resistance, achieving full or near-full density has been a major objective of sintering [3]. Therefore, most research on 316L stainless steel sintering to date has focused on the sintering behavior of the molded parts especially for gas-atomised powder in argon environment [3-6]. An understanding of the factors influencing densification of stainless steels is important as over 50% of the injection molded and sintered components are made from stainless steel compositions [7]. In a metal injection molding (MIM) process, gas-atomised powder is generally used due to their high packing density and associated feedstock rheology. The sintered components exhibit mechanical and corrosion properties similar or superior to that of wrought material. Water-atomised powders in MIM can be economical and have an improvement in shape retention during debinding and sintering. However, their use comes with a penalty of lower powder loading and sintered density, with a corresponding degradation in the mechanical and corrosion properties. Studies reveal that injection molded and sintered components using water-atomised 316L stainless steel powders have a residual porosity of 3–5% for similar particle characteristics and sintering conditions as that of gas-atomised powders [5]. This article investigates a densification of SS316L gas and wateratomised compact sintered in high vacuum environment at temperature ranging from 1340 to 1400 °C

Physical Properties of Porcelain Ceramic with Influence of Milled Alkali Resistant (AR) Fibreglass for Sewer Pipes Application / Muhammad Ikhmal Hanapi...[et al.]

The aim of the present work is to explore the use of commercial porcelain ceramic with influence of milled Alkali Resistant (AR) fiberglass for sewer pipes application. In this study, AR fiberglass was milled into an average particle size of 90μm and mixed with porcelain in different weight percentages of 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, and 12 wt%. The sample was prepared by using powder compaction and fired for 2 hours at 900°C, 1000°C, 1100°C and 1200°C. The result of apparent porosity and bulk density were recorded for each sample. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were used to observe the microstructural morphology for some samples. Based on the result, the best sintering temperature was at 1200°C. In which the optimum apparent porosity obtained was 0.30% with addition of 9wt% AR glass. Meanwhile, the best value for density gained was 2.45g/cm3 at 3wt% of AR glass. Reduction of porosity with formation of glassy phase due to the addition of AR glass and elevation of sintering temperature were evident from the microstructural image

Crushing Performances of Axially Compressed Woven Kenaf Fiber Reinforced Cylindrical Composites

This paper presents experimental investigations on the crushing performances of axially compressed woven kenaf fibre reinforced cylindrical composites. Based on the literature survey, there are tremendous amount of work are available on the crushing performances regardless whether the composite contained synthetic or natural fibers. However, lack number of work found in discussing the crushing capability for the composite tubes fabricated using woven kenaf mat reinforced composites. Kenaf fibre in the form of yarn is weaved into a woven mat before it is submerged into a resin bath prior the mats are shaped to form a cylindrical tube. There are two important parameters are used such as number of layers and fiber orientations. The composite tubes are then quasi-statically compressed to obtain the force-displacement curves. Energy absorption capability and other crashworthiness parameters are calculated and discussed in term of number of layers and fiber orientations. According to the results, it is found that both number of layer and fiber orientations played an important role in an elastic region or the first region. On the other hand, in the second stage, it is insignificantly affected the plateau stage where the curves seemed not much different

The Physical Characterisation of Coating via Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) with Voltage and Duration Variables for Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Application - A Review

This review covers the basics of electrophoretic deposition techniques and its effect on the physical characterisation for solid oxide fuel cell application. On top of that, the characterisation of coating often affected by the variation of voltage. The higher the voltage, the more deposition weight obtained. The duration of deposition also crucial as it can influence the thickness of the coating layer.  The thickness and morphology of the coating layer were determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For its weight deposited, there were several techniques has been applied

Effect of silica (SiO2) filler on thermal stability of polysiloxane composites

Thermal stability of composites are influenced by the types and properties of filler used. In this study Silica (SiO2) namely CS was used to improve the thermal stability of Polysiloxane (PoS) panel. The PoS/CS composites were fabricated by mixing PoS and CS with filler loading of 2wt% to 12 wt%. PoS/CS composites are then cast using close mold technique and cured at room temperature (RT), 65˚C and 100˚C. The CS were characterized for X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) technique. The thermal stability of PoS/CS composites were identified via Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). It was found that, CS improved the thermal stability of PoS by increased decomposition temperature and decreased relative mass loss percentage. CS as a filler, replaced and reduced the hydroxyl group in the composites panel to significantly improved the thermal stability. Hence, the good thermal stability of CS also helps to improve PoS composites thermal properties. The interference of hydroxyl crosslink during curing was also found to affect the thermal stability. Thus, the high temperature curing (65˚C and 100˚C) were indeed unstable due to disruption of cross link process and thus affect the filler dispersion and cause aggregations. PoS/CS/RT composites were found to show the stable and linear profile of thermal stability compare to PoS/CS/65˚C and PoS/CS/100 ˚C. Thus the thermal stability of polysiloxane had improved by using CS as a filler and cured at RT