REVIEW: FAST DISSOLVING TABLET

Fast dissolving tablets is one of the most widely accepted dosage forms and also most popular dosage form, especially for pediatric patients because of incomplete development of the muscular and nervous system and a case of geriatric patients suffering from Parkinson's disorder or hand tremors. Some solid dosage forms like tablets and capsules are present days facing the problems like difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia), resulting in many incidences of non-compliance and making the therapy ineffective. Oral dosage form and oral route are the most preferred route of administration for various drugs have limitations like the first-pass metabolism. Fast dissolving tablets are one of them. FDT have benefits such as accurate dosing, easy portability and manufacturing, good physical and chemical stability and an ideal alternative for pediatric and geriatric patients. Some tablets are designed to dissolve fastly in saliva, within a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets. Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet disintegration in the oral cavity and are more appropriately termed fast-disintegrating tablets, as they may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate

A REVIEW: FILM FORMING GEL NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM

Film forming gels are a novel approach in this area that might present an alternative to the conventional dosage forms used on the skin, such as ointments, creams, gels or patches. The polymeric solution is applied to the skin as a liquid and forms an almost invisible film in situ by solvent evaporation. Transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and dermal drug delivery system can provide some desirable performances over conventional pharmaceutical dosage formulations, such as avoiding gut and hepatic first-pass metabolism, improving drug bioavailability, reducing dose frequency and stabilizing drug delivery profiles. The aim of this review was to search for alternatives to the conventional forms in order to reduce skin irritation, improve skin adhesion properties, enhance the drug release and increase the patient acceptability from an aesthetic perspective. Because of their peculiar rheological behaviour, polymeric gels are beneficial in terms of ease of preparation, ease of application, adhesion to the application surface and ability to deliver a wide variety of drugs

NANOSUSPENSION: AN OVERVIEW

Nanosuspensions are important carriers to develop novel drug formulations. Nanosuspensions have emerged as a promising strategy for the efficient delivery of hydrophobic drugs because of their versatile features and unique advantages. Nanosuspension technology solved the problem of drugs which are poorly aqueous soluble and less bioavailability. Stability and bioavailability of the drugs can be improved by the Nanosuspension technology. Techniques such as media milling and high-pressure homogenization have been used commercially for producing nanosuspensions. Nanosuspensions can be delivered by oral, parenteral, pulmonary and ocular routes. Nanosuspensions can also be used for targeted drug delivery when incorporated in theOcular inserts and mucoadhesive hydrogels. Currently, efforts are being directed to extending their applications in site-specific drug delivery

UV-Spectrophotometric Estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Zero, First and Second Order Derivative Methods

Simple and accurate UV spectrophotometric methods by Zero, First and Second order derivative method  have been developed and validated for the estimation of Olopatadine hydrochloride in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The standard and sample solutions of Olopatadine hydrochloride were prepared in methanol and water. Olopatadine hydrochloride was estimated at 299, 289 and 267 nm for the  derivative UV-spectrophotometric method. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range of 20 to 120 μg / mL with coefficient of correlation value 0.9996, 0.999 and 0.999 for Zero, First and Second order derivative method. These methods were tested and validated for various parameters according to ICH and USP guidelines. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation were of less than 2 for the above three methods respectively. The proposed methods were successfully applied for the determination of Olopatadine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical dosage form. Results of the analysis were validated statistically and were found to be satisfactory. The proposed methods are simple, easy to apply, low-cost and require relatively inexpensive instruments. Keywords: Olopatadine HCl, UV-Visible spectrophotometry, Pharmaceutical Dosage forms, Derivative Spectroscopy, Method validation

AZELNIDIPINE: A REVIEW ON THERAPEUTIC ROLE IN HYPERTINSION

 Hypertension is the most common regulating risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and death; the increased risk associated with blood pressure (BP) elevation can be greatly reduced by treatment with antihypertensive drugs that lower both BP and related target organ damage. New Ca2+ channel antagonists have been recently developed, especially in the DHP compounds that have considerable higher vascular selectivity, slower onset and longer duration of hypotensive action. The antihypertensive effect of azelnidipine is primarily based on the inhibition of trans-membrane Ca2+ influx through the voltage-dependent channels of vascular smooth muscles. Ca2+ channels are categorized into several subtypes, including L-type, T-type, N-type, P/Q-type, and R-type Ca2+ channels depend on their electrophysiological properties.  Clinical studies have demonstrated that azelnidipine markedly reduced heart rate and proteinuria in hypertensive patients by inhibiting sympathetic nerve activity. Azelnidipine has also been confirmed to have cardio-protective, neuroprotective, and anti-atherosclerotic properties, and has also been found to prevent insulin resistance

Review on Neuropathic Pain

Neuropathic pain is defined as “Pain is observed as disease of the somatosensory nervous system.” The cause of pain is very wide-ranging and may certainly be idiopathic. Two nerve damage classifications have been described and they are outlined. These are first line and second line. Neuropathic pain is generated by electrical hyperactivity of neurons along the pain pathways. The sensory pathway consists of at least three neurons, and lesions anywhere along the pathway can lead to neuropathic pain. A successful clinical management for neuropathic pain requires balancing the advantages and side effects of available drugs, lifestyle interventions, and treating the underlying cause if possible for the management of neuropathic pain requires various lines of treatment i.e first line and second line treatment which includes various types of drugs. Keywords: Neuropathic pain, Hyperalgesia, Neuralgia, Neuronal Hyperactivity, Neurapraxia