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Not AvailableOnion seed crop is infected with several pest and diseases which reduce the seed yield and quality. The present study explores the feasibility of using polymer as an efficient delivery system for seed-protectant chemicals during onion seed production. Polymer coating prolonged the release of pesticides. After 30 DAP, 557% and 1087% higher retention of fungicide and insecticide was observed in polymer coated bulbs over traditional method of bulb treatment. Onion bulb coating with polymer and 0.15 % fipronil + 0.25 % (carbendazim + mancozeb) showed significantly higher values for seed yield attributes viz. productive scapes/plant (5.56), lower percent lodged scapes (21.16), seed yield/ plant (21.15 g) and seed quality attributes in comparison to control and traditional method of bulb treatment. Lowest percent disease index (36.39) was recorded in treatment- polymer coating + 0.15 % fipronil + 0.25 % (carbendazim + mancozeb) and lowest number of thrips/plant (5.14) was recorded in bulbs coated with polymer + 0.15 % fipronil + 500 ppm streptocyclin. Treating of onion bulbs with polymer is beneficial in increasing the efficacy of the applied pesticides, reducing the incidence of pest and diseases and enhancing seed yield and quality.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe aim of the present study was to study the feasibility of using a slow release seed treatment binder as an efficient delivery system of seed‐protectant chemicals in garlic cloves, for increasing the retention, prolonging the release of pesticide and to study its effect on growth, disease intensity, thrips incidence, bulb yield, and quality. Garlic is vegetatively propagated by planting cloves; the quality of cloves plays an important for obtaining healthy crop and higher yield. Soaking of garlic cloves in a slow release binder solution increased the retention and slowed the release of pesticides. After 30 DAP 214% & 4600%, higher retention of carbendazim and fipronil was observed in garlic cloves soaked in the slow release binder in comparison to the traditional practice of clove treatment. Garlic cloves soaked in slow release binder along with 300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb recorded highest clove sprouting. Garlic cloves soaked in the slow release binder and 75 mg/Kg fipronil +300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb reported highest bulb diameter and lowest number of thrips plant−1. Garlic cloves soaked in slow release binder soaking +500 mg/Kg streptocyclin +300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb recorded lowest percent disease incidence. Garlic cloves soaked in a slow release binder solution with 75 mg/Kg fipronil recorded highest cloves bulb-1 and yield plant−1. Thus garlic clove soaking in a slow release binder is beneficial in reducing the pesticide use, increasing pesticide use efficiency, reducing the pest, disease incidence and increasing the productivity of garlic for sustainable agriculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAnalysis of agrochemical residues in red chilli powder is always considered difficult because of higher matrix interference due to carotenoid pigments and other co-extractives. During the sample preparation, matrix components were co-extracted along with the target compounds leading to frequent source cleaning, changing of liner and column. Efforts were made to improve the chromatographic performance by optimizing sample preparation, choosing matrix-free transitions and introducing a retention gap. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction was experimented using different dispersive adsorbents and the purified extract was analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) system. 84 pesticides under different class were validated and established a limit of quantification of 0.002–0.007 mgkg−1. The recovery was between 70 and 110% at 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mgkg−1 fortification level and corresponding precision was between 3 and 16% RSD. Suitability of the validated method was established through analysis of market samples of chilli powder for the quantitation of targeted pesticide residues.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis paper reports a unified sample preparation approach for high-throughput multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs and pesticides in a single sub-sample of bovine milk. The sample (5 g) was deproteinized with acetonitrile before an aliquot (I) was withdrawn, and the remainder was phase-separated using MgSO4 and NaCl. The acetonitrile layer (II) was recovered and the extracts combined, cleaned, and solvent-exchanged before the concentrations of veterinary drugs and pesticides were measured by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). As a unique approach, extract II was analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Method performance for 78 drugs and 238 pesticides complied with CD 2002/657/EC and SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines, respectively, with significant savings in time and cost. Thus, it would be ideal for regulatory analysis of analytes ranging from non-polar organochlorine pesticides to polar drugs, including penicillins, quinolones, and tetracyclines.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of hexythiazox and bifenazate residues in grape and raisin was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The extraction method involved liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and dSPE cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA). The drying of grape to raisin may increase or decrease residues of pesticides. During the raisin making process, the dissipation of residue was evaluated and the processing factor (PF) was established for drying. Dissipation data were best fitted to 1st + 1st-order kinetics with a half-life ranging between 6–10 days for hexythiazox and 5–6 days for bifenazate. The PF value for overall raisin making was found to be 0.20–0.36 for hexythiazox and 0.14–0.15 for bifenazate indicating degradation of the residues. However, the PF value varies between 1.13–1.64 for hexythiazox and 0.94–1.12 for bifenazate during the drying process indicating concentration of the residues in drying. The dietary exposure on each sampling day was less than the respective maximum permissible intake (MPI). The residues in market samples of raisins were devoid of any risk of acute toxicity related to dietary exposure. The PF value generated will be useful for the field level management of residues in grape intended for raisin preparation.Not Availabl

Nanoclay polymer composites loaded with urea and nitrification inhibitors for controlling nitrification in soil

Not AvailableNanoclay polymer composites (NCPCs) were synthesized with partially neutralized acrylic acid and bentonites and loaded with urea and nitrification inhibitors (NIs) to act as a slow release carrier of nitrogen (N). The resulting product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD of NCPCs revealed that the bentonite layers were completely exfoliated and dispersed in the composite after the polymerization. The water absorbency of pure polymer (Acrylic acid + Acrylamide) was 197.53 g g−1 and 137.75 g g−1 by nanocomposite (8% nanobentonite) in distilled water. The nitrification inhibition ability of these NCPCs was evaluated by incubation study for 60 days in laboratory at 28°C and 50% water-holding capacity. The Schiff base -NCPCs were most effective at inhibiting nitrification (30–87%) compared to dicyandiamide and Neem oil. A column study was performed to know the movement of NH4-N and NO3-N at three different depths. Result showed that the Schiff base -NCPC decreased nitrate movement by 78.5% at the depth of 5 cm in soil column. The slow release of nitrogen and good water retention capacity confirmed that these NCPCs can be viably exploited for application in agriculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe developments in analytical tools over the last two decades, especially in the field of chromatography and mass spectrometry, are enormous, and have greatly facilitated the implementation of highly efficient multiY-analyte, multiYclass residue analysis methods. On average, these modern technologies have offered a 10Y50fold improvement in the limits of quantification of the methods, and at least a 10Yfold increase in the number of analytes that a single method can target for residue testing in food and environmental matrices. The advancements in the speed and sensitivity of modern GCYMS and LCYMS instruments allow the analysis of hundreds of pesticides at very low levels in one analytical run. A typical worNflow for multiYresidue analysis comprises sample preYprocessing, extraction, cleanup and finally injection into the analytical instrument for qualitative identification and quantitative estimation of the pesticide residues. Screening of pesticide residues involves three approaches, namely reliable targetYoriented screening when certified reference standards are available to support compound identification and accurate quantification; screening for suspected analytes when a certified reference standard is not available; and screening for unNnowns based on high resolution mass spectrometry.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe aim of the study is to investigate the biochemical composition of grapeseed oil and cake from an unexplored Indian grape‐juice cultivar, Manjari Medika (MM). The composition of oil and residual seed cake is evaluated using various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. The findings demonstrate that the vitamin E content of MM‐seed oil (1.15–1.35 g kg−1) is distinctively higher than the Codex standard, suggesting its superior quality as an edible oil. The predominant triacylglycerols include trilinolein (LLL, 43%), dilinoleoyl‐stearylglycerol (LSL, 19%), and dilinoleoyl‐palmitoylglycerol (LLP, 11%), which are earlier recognized as natural antioxidants. The seed‐cake is rich in polyphenols including acylated anthocyanins (e.g., pelargonidin‐3‐O‐coumaroyl glucoside) and certain other flavonoids (e.g., catechin). The profile of phytonutrients in MM seed‐oil and cake is significantly superior to its seeded female parent and two other widely cultivated wine‐grape varieties. In brief, the studied by‐products of this new grape‐juice cultivar can be an important source of high‐value ingredients for use in food supplements, nutraceuticals, and functional foods. Practical applications : This study reports the phytochemical profile of the seed‐oil and seed cake derived from a newly developed grape variety, Manjari Medika. High contents of selective antioxidants: lipids, vitamin E, and phenols in the seed‐oil and cake with health benefits suggest their potential for use in nutraceutical and functional foods. These byproducts can be utilised as ingredients of functional foods and nutraceuticals (e.g., grape seed oil capsule) and also as raw materials in food supply chains (e.g., for production of grape cookies or cake). MM can also be utilized as a colorant in the food industry.Not Availabl

Targeted phenolic profiling of Sauvignon blanc and Shiraz grapes grown in two regions of India by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Not AvailableThe phenolic compounds play an important role in production of quality grapes and wines. The current investigation focused on optimization of an extraction method for targeted analysis of 33 phenolic compounds in grapes by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The optimized method was successfully used for phenolic profiling of two wine grape varieties, Sauvignon blanc (white) and Shiraz (red) originated from Pune and Nasik regions of Maharashtra State, India. The optimized sample preparation procedure involved liquid–liquid extraction with acidified methanol by vortexing for 2 min followed by analysis on LC–MS/MS. The limit of quantification of the targeted compounds was in the range of 29 to 411 µg/L. The results indicated that skin of both varieties contained the highest amount of flavonols (69.47 ± 14.74 mg/kg in Sauvignon blanc and 129.47 ± 10.05 mg/kg in Shiraz) compared to pulp. The highest amounts of flavan-3-ols were present in grape seed collected from the Pune region (2016.84 ± 14.73 mg/kg in Sauvignon blanc and 1945.06 ± 32.69 mg/kg in Shiraz). The concentration of stilbenes was the highest in grape skin (0.13 ± 0.52 to 5.78 ± 5.45 mg/kg) compared to seed and pulp of both varities. Hydroxybenzoic acid (vanillin), hydroxycinnamic acid (p-coumaric acid) and anthocyanins (oenin, malvidin, cyanidin and kuromanin) were found only in Shiraz variety. The results of antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH assay) indicated the highest scavenging activity in seed (978.64 ± 56.23 to1133.38 ± 143.65 µMol TE/g DW FRAP and 594.93 ± 37.94 to 631.94 ± 56.45 µMol TE/g DW in DPPH). The phenolic contents in Sauvignon blanc and Shiraz grapes between Pune and Nasik regions did not have any significant difference.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableIn tropical regions of India, a number of diseases and insect pests cause substantial economic damage to the grape crop and timely pesticide applications are required for crop protection. At times, this results in detection of pesticide residue above the specified maximum residue levels (MRL) at harvest affecting international trade. Use of Bacillus species to enhance the degradation of the pesticide residues on grape berries is an emerging option. In this study, the bio-efficacy of a WP formulation of Bacillus subtilis DR-39 in enhancing the dissipation rate of eight pesticides was evaluated during 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 on Thompson Seedless grapes. The pesticides were applied twice as foliar spray at their recommended doses followed by application of B. subtilis DR-39 at 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 g/l after 4 days of the second pesticide application. In 2017–2018, B. subtilis DR-39 was applied at 2.5 g/l, twice at 4 day intervals. The pesticide residues were analysed on LC–MS/MS by ethyl acetate based extraction method on a time frame and degradation kinetics were calculated. The average enhancement in dissipation by B. subtilis DR-39 was 13.7% @ 1.0 g/l, 19.0% @ 2.5 g/l and 22.7% @ 5.0 g/l. Application of B. subtilis DR-39 @ 2.5 g/l reduced the calculated half-life of the pesticides by 1–3 days, except by 5 and 6.5 days for buprofezin and hexaconazole respectively during 2016–2017, and by 6 days for hexaconazole during 2017–2018. Studies show that B. subtilis DR-39 applications in vineyards can be utilized for faster degradation of multi-class pesticide residues.Not Availabl