Comparative evaluation of different Allium accessions for allicin and other allyl thiosulphinates

Allicin and other allyl thiosulphinates possess broad antimicrobial and health-promoting properties, which makes them natural and safe substitutes for synthetic preservatives. These thiosulphinate compounds were in- vestigated in 33 Allium accessions representing 14 species, and these species differed significantly in their content of allicin, allyl methyl thiosulphinates (AMThs), and allyl trans-1-propenyl thiosulphinates (ATPThs) as ascertained using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Total thiosulphinates were the highest in Allium sativum, Allium guttatum, Allium tuberosum, and Zimmu (an interspecific hybrid of Allium cepa L. and Allium sativum L.). Allicin and other allyl thiosulphinates content was higher in flat and non-waxy leaves than in fistular and waxy leaves. Total thiosulphinates content was also significantly higher in cultivated and semi-domesticated species. Cluster analysis revealed that both foliage type and thiosulphinate content had played a major role in the clustering. These findings are useful in finding alternative sources of allicin and other thiosulphinates, and some of the accessions may serve as sources of natural preservatives for application in other research-related or commercial activities

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Not AvailableA gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous determination of 133 pesticides in Black pepper (Piper nigrum). QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) sample preparation method is preferred over multistep methods. Extraction was done by using acetonitrile followed by clean up using graphitized carbon, primary secondary amine and octadecyl silica (C18). Even after the cleanup, non-volatile co-extractives stick to the liner and column which results in affecting the performance of the instrument and volatile co-extractives impact the analysis by enhancing the analyte concentration. So we evaluated a dilution procedure to overcome the drawbacks. The limit of quantification of 0.01 mg kg-1 was achieved for fifty times diluted sample extract with S/N C 10. The recovery was between 70 and 120% for 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mg kg-1 for fortified samples and corresponding precision was between 3 and 16% RSD. The seven-level calibration curve shows a regression co-efficient of 0.99.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableOnion seed crop is infected with several pest and diseases which reduce the seed yield and quality. The present study explores the feasibility of using polymer as an efficient delivery system for seed-protectant chemicals during onion seed production. Polymer coating prolonged the release of pesticides. After 30 DAP, 557% and 1087% higher retention of fungicide and insecticide was observed in polymer coated bulbs over traditional method of bulb treatment. Onion bulb coating with polymer and 0.15 % fipronil + 0.25 % (carbendazim + mancozeb) showed significantly higher values for seed yield attributes viz. productive scapes/plant (5.56), lower percent lodged scapes (21.16), seed yield/ plant (21.15 g) and seed quality attributes in comparison to control and traditional method of bulb treatment. Lowest percent disease index (36.39) was recorded in treatment- polymer coating + 0.15 % fipronil + 0.25 % (carbendazim + mancozeb) and lowest number of thrips/plant (5.14) was recorded in bulbs coated with polymer + 0.15 % fipronil + 500 ppm streptocyclin. Treating of onion bulbs with polymer is beneficial in increasing the efficacy of the applied pesticides, reducing the incidence of pest and diseases and enhancing seed yield and quality.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe aim of the present study was to study the feasibility of using a slow release seed treatment binder as an efficient delivery system of seed‐protectant chemicals in garlic cloves, for increasing the retention, prolonging the release of pesticide and to study its effect on growth, disease intensity, thrips incidence, bulb yield, and quality. Garlic is vegetatively propagated by planting cloves; the quality of cloves plays an important for obtaining healthy crop and higher yield. Soaking of garlic cloves in a slow release binder solution increased the retention and slowed the release of pesticides. After 30 DAP 214% & 4600%, higher retention of carbendazim and fipronil was observed in garlic cloves soaked in the slow release binder in comparison to the traditional practice of clove treatment. Garlic cloves soaked in slow release binder along with 300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb recorded highest clove sprouting. Garlic cloves soaked in the slow release binder and 75 mg/Kg fipronil +300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb reported highest bulb diameter and lowest number of thrips plant−1. Garlic cloves soaked in slow release binder soaking +500 mg/Kg streptocyclin +300 mg/Kg carbendazim +1575 mg/Kg mancozeb recorded lowest percent disease incidence. Garlic cloves soaked in a slow release binder solution with 75 mg/Kg fipronil recorded highest cloves bulb-1 and yield plant−1. Thus garlic clove soaking in a slow release binder is beneficial in reducing the pesticide use, increasing pesticide use efficiency, reducing the pest, disease incidence and increasing the productivity of garlic for sustainable agriculture.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAnalysis of agrochemical residues in red chilli powder is always considered difficult because of higher matrix interference due to carotenoid pigments and other co-extractives. During the sample preparation, matrix components were co-extracted along with the target compounds leading to frequent source cleaning, changing of liner and column. Efforts were made to improve the chromatographic performance by optimizing sample preparation, choosing matrix-free transitions and introducing a retention gap. The Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) extraction was experimented using different dispersive adsorbents and the purified extract was analyzed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) system. 84 pesticides under different class were validated and established a limit of quantification of 0.002–0.007 mgkg−1. The recovery was between 70 and 110% at 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 mgkg−1 fortification level and corresponding precision was between 3 and 16% RSD. Suitability of the validated method was established through analysis of market samples of chilli powder for the quantitation of targeted pesticide residues.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThis paper reports a unified sample preparation approach for high-throughput multi-residue analysis of veterinary drugs and pesticides in a single sub-sample of bovine milk. The sample (5 g) was deproteinized with acetonitrile before an aliquot (I) was withdrawn, and the remainder was phase-separated using MgSO4 and NaCl. The acetonitrile layer (II) was recovered and the extracts combined, cleaned, and solvent-exchanged before the concentrations of veterinary drugs and pesticides were measured by ultra-fast liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS/MS). As a unique approach, extract II was analyzed simultaneously using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). Method performance for 78 drugs and 238 pesticides complied with CD 2002/657/EC and SANTE/11813/2017 guidelines, respectively, with significant savings in time and cost. Thus, it would be ideal for regulatory analysis of analytes ranging from non-polar organochlorine pesticides to polar drugs, including penicillins, quinolones, and tetracyclines.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe present work was undertaken with an objective to study the effect of culture filtrates and secondary metabolites of three Streptomyces spp. from black pepper rhizosphere having promising biocontrol and growth promoting traits on different developmental stages of pathogens like Phytophthora capsici and Sclerotium rolfsii. The study also focuses on identification of compounds responsible for the antimicrobial and growth promotive activity. Crude culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 and IISRBPAct25 were found inhibitory to mycelial growth of P. capsici. Diluted culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 (2 %) and IISRBPAct25 (5 %) were found inhibitory to the sporangia formation. Crude culture filtrate of IISRBPAct1 can completely inhibit the zoospore germination while it was inhibited to 98.6 % and 87 % by 10 % diluted extracts of IISRBPAct1 and IISRBPAct25 respectively. IISRBPAct1 showed 51.27 % inhibition of mycelial growth of S. rolfsii, while IISRBPAct25 and IISRBPAct42 showed 57.63 % and 26.90 % inhibition respectively. IISRBPAct1 is highly inhibitory to sclerotial formation even at 1 % concentration. The secondary metabolites of the three isolates were extracted in three solvent systems and their activity profile was detected and characterized by HPTLC. High resolution UPLC- (ESI)-QToF-MS analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of a vast array of antifungal compounds that supports the antimicrobial activity of culture filtrate and metabolites of the isolates.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAn analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of hexythiazox and bifenazate residues in grape and raisin was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The extraction method involved liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and dSPE cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA). The drying of grape to raisin may increase or decrease residues of pesticides. During the raisin making process, the dissipation of residue was evaluated and the processing factor (PF) was established for drying. Dissipation data were best fitted to 1st + 1st-order kinetics with a half-life ranging between 6–10 days for hexythiazox and 5–6 days for bifenazate. The PF value for overall raisin making was found to be 0.20–0.36 for hexythiazox and 0.14–0.15 for bifenazate indicating degradation of the residues. However, the PF value varies between 1.13–1.64 for hexythiazox and 0.94–1.12 for bifenazate during the drying process indicating concentration of the residues in drying. The dietary exposure on each sampling day was less than the respective maximum permissible intake (MPI). The residues in market samples of raisins were devoid of any risk of acute toxicity related to dietary exposure. The PF value generated will be useful for the field level management of residues in grape intended for raisin preparation.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableThe developments in analytical tools over the last two decades, especially in the field of chromatography and mass spectrometry, are enormous, and have greatly facilitated the implementation of highly efficient multiY-analyte, multiYclass residue analysis methods. On average, these modern technologies have offered a 10Y50fold improvement in the limits of quantification of the methods, and at least a 10Yfold increase in the number of analytes that a single method can target for residue testing in food and environmental matrices. The advancements in the speed and sensitivity of modern GCYMS and LCYMS instruments allow the analysis of hundreds of pesticides at very low levels in one analytical run. A typical worNflow for multiYresidue analysis comprises sample preYprocessing, extraction, cleanup and finally injection into the analytical instrument for qualitative identification and quantitative estimation of the pesticide residues. Screening of pesticide residues involves three approaches, namely reliable targetYoriented screening when certified reference standards are available to support compound identification and accurate quantification; screening for suspected analytes when a certified reference standard is not available; and screening for unNnowns based on high resolution mass spectrometry.Not Availabl