Antibacterial Test of Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. Leaves Extract Againstgram-Positive Bacteria

Ziziphus spina-christi (L.) Desf. is a member of the Rhamnaceae family, which has efficacy values as herbal plants used in traditional medicines. The spread of infectious diseases in humans has increased in recent years, raising public awareness of the importance of using traditional medicine as the first line of prevention against infectious diseases. This research aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of fresh extract, infusion, and ethanol extract and to determine the greatest inhibition zone of Z. spina-christi leaves against Gram-positive bacteria (B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis). This research used the survey method with a purposive sampling technique. The results showed that fresh extract, infusion, and ethanol extract of the Z. spina-christi leaves had antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (B. cereus, B. subtilis, S. aureus, and S. epidermidis) and the greatest inhibition zone was obtained from the ethanol extract with a strong inhibition category

The Effect of Various Doses of Trichoderma harzianum on Increasing The Growth of Mung Beans (Vigna radiata L.)

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different doses of Trichoderma harzianum on the germination improvement of mung beans (Vigna radiata L.). The study employed an experimental design with five treatments of different doses of Trichoderma harzianum, along with one control, conducted over a period of 7 days. The control treatment consisted of mung bean seeds (Vigna radiata L.) without the use of Trichoderma harzianum. The observed variables were total plant length, leaf length, leaf width, hypocotyl length, and germination rate (%) during the 7-day observation period with three replications for each treatment. The results indicated that the application of varying doses of Trichoderma harzianum on Vigna radiata seeds for 7 days exhibited differences in vegetative growth variables (average total plant length, leaf length, leaf width) and hypocotyl length compared to seeds without Trichoderma harzianum. However, the germination rate variable showed no significant effect from the application of varying doses of Trichoderma harzianum on Vigna radiata seeds during the 7-day period

The Potential of Bacillus spp. In Green Biosynthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

Nanopartikel yang dihasilkan melalui metode Green biosintesis berpotensi untuk diterapkan pada dunis medis dan farmasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan senyawa metabolit yang dihasilkan isolat Bacillus spp untuk mereduksi zink sulfat menjadi nanopartikel zink oksida. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran spetrofotometri UV-Vis panjang gelombang optimum koloid nanopartikel yang dihasilkan dari proses Green biosintesis isolate BES 6A dengan penambahan zink sulfat sebanyak 0,2 g/ml yaitu pada 366 nm. Adapun gugus fungsi Zn-O berdasarkan pengukuran FTIR terbaca pada panjang puncak gelombang 438 dan 530 cm-1. Bentuk kristal yang dihasilkan yaitu heksagonal dengan puncak 2Ɵ yang terdeteksi yaitu 31,82°; 34,33°; 36,49°; 47,56°; 57,16°; 63,20°; 66,76°; dan 68,99° yang menandakan kehadiran nanopartikel zink oksida berdasarkan referensi ICDD 00-001-1136. Ukuran nanopartikel yang dihasilkan yaitu 30 – 47 nm

Isolation, Screening and Partial Characterization of Thermophilic Bacteria Producing Protease from Bukik Gadang Hot Springs, Solok Regency

Research about the isolation, screening and partial characterization of thermophilic bacteria that produce protease from Bukik Gadang hot springs, Solok Regency, was carried out at the Basic Biology Laboratory, UPT Basic and Central Laboratory, Andalas University in January - April 2022. This study aims to obtain isolates of thermophilic bacteria that indicated protease production and to determine the partial characterization of thermophilic bacteria that indicated protease production from Bukik Gadang hot springs, Solok Regency. This study used a survey method and purposive sampling technique. The results of this study obtained 18 isolates from 20 isolates of thermophilic bacteria which indicated protease production, with one isolate of TPBG-03 having the potential to produce protease. Partial characterization by 10 isolates of thermophilic bacteria indicated protease production was generally Gram positive, bacillus cell shape, spore-forming, catalase positive and motile.Keywords - Hot Springs, Isolation, Protease, Screening, Thermophilic Bacteri

Optimizing Carbon and Nitrogen for Protease Production in Endophytic Bacteria from Mandeh, Pesisir Selatan

The protease enzyme possesses the ability to hydrolyze proteins into peptide bonds and amino acids, serving as a biocatalyst that accelerates reactions, thus holding potential across various industries. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of carbon and nitrogen sources, as well as their concentrations, on the optimum protease activity of a collection of bacterial isolates from Sonneratia sp. in the Mandeh area, Pesisir Selatan. The research employed an experimental methodology, and protease activity was assessed using the Takami method. The results of this study indicated that bacterial isolates EUA-131 and EUA-135 exhibited optimum activity with the addition of 1% glucose and 1% NaNO3, while isolate EUA-136 showed optimum activity with the addition of 1.5% maltose and 1% KNO3

Oksitosin Menghambat Aktivasi Ghrelin terhadap Neuron NPY di Pusat Pengendali Makan Arcuate Nucleus Hipotalamus

Hormon ghrelin disekresikan oleh lambung saat kosong dan dapat mengaktivasi neuron oreksigenik neuropeptida Y (NPY) pada pusat pengendali makan arcuate nucleus (ARC) di hipotalamus. Aktivasi NPY oleh ghrelin menjadi mekanisme utama munculnya rasa lapar secara akut dan resiko obesitas. Di sisi lain, oksitosin dapat mengaktivasi neuron anoreksigenik proopiomelanocortin (POMC) di ARC sehingga bermanifestasi terhadap timbulnya rasa kenyang. Akan tetapi, belum diketahui apakah oksitosin juga dapat mengintervensi aktivasi ghrelin terhadap neuron NPY. Pada penelitian ini, neuron tunggal NPY diisolasi dari hipotalamus tikus putih Wistar jantan dengan metode enzimatis. Dinamika konsentrasi Ca2+ sitosolik ([Ca2+]i) neuron NPY sebagai indikator responnya terhadap ghrelin dan oksitosin dimonitor dengan mikrofluorometri fura-2 in vitro. Inervasi terminal akson oksitosin pada neuron NPY juga diamati secara mikroskopis pada mencit transgenik hrGFP-NPY. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa oksitosin dapat menghambat peningkatan [Ca2+]i neuron NPY yang diinduksi oleh ghrelin. Sebanyak 33% dari neuron NPY yang teraktivasi oleh ghrelin dapat ditekan oleh oksitosin. Pada observasi mikroskopis ditemukan bahwa terminal-terminal akson neuron oksitosin menginervasi badan sel neuron NPY. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa oksitosin secara humoral dan neuronal dapat menghambat aktivasi ghrelin terhadap NPY. Hal ini diduga sebagai salah satu mekanisme kerja oksitosin dalam meregulasi makan selain melalui jalur aktivasi neuron POMC di ARC

LANDASAN ILMIAH BIOSINTESIS SENYAWA BIOPOLIMER POLI (3-HIDROKSIBUTIRAT) DI DALAM SEL BAKTERI Erwinia sp. USMI-20 DARI BAHAN DASAR MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT

Landasan ilmiah produksi senyawa biopolimer poli (3-hidroksibutirat) dari minyak kelapa sawit oleh bakteri Erwinia sp. USMI-20 telah dikaji. Kajian dijalankan dengan keadaan fermentasi. Parameter yang diamati berdasarkan kepada pertumbuhan sel, kandungan polimer, konsentrasi polimer, kecepatan pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum, koefisien penghasilan polimer terhadap sumber karbon yang digunakan, Yp(3HB)/C, dan lamanya waktu optimum fermentasi. Granul bioplastik yang dihasilkan di dalam sel Erwinia sp. USMI-20 setelah pengkulturan, diamati dibawah mikroskop elektron transmisi. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan minyak kelapa sawit sebagai sumber karbon tunggal, Erwinia sp. USMI-20 dapat menghasilkan homopolimer P(3HB) dengan kandungan polimer maksimum 59 % dari berat kering selnya, konsentrasi polimer 54.1 g/l dan berat kering sel 6 g/l. P(3HB) dihasilkan dengan kadar pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum 0.3/j, kadar penghasilan polimer spesifik maksimum 0.03/j, Yp(3HB)/C 0.53 g/g dan waktu optimum fermentasi adalah 48 jam. Granul P(3HB) di dalam sel Erwinia sp. USMI-20 dengan diameter granul terletak di antara 100 hingga 350 nm dengan bilangan granul 3-8 granul setiap sel. Granul yang dihasilkan umumnya berbentuk bulat atau bulat lonjong dan berwarna putih.Mekanisme biosintesis P(3HB) dari sumber karbon minyak kelapa sawit oleh Erwinia sp. USMI-20, diperkirakan berasaskan kepada reaksi enzim lipase ekstra-sel terhadap trigliserida dan memasuki siklus -oksidasi asam lekam yang menghasilkan asetil-KoA. Dari asetil Ko-A selanjutnya akan mengikuti laluan biosintesis P(3HB) sehingga menghasilkan poli(3-hidroksibutirat)

Penapisan dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Amilo-Termofilik dari Sumber Air Panas Semurup, Kerinci, Jambi

The screening and characterization of amylo-thermophylic bacteria that produced amylase from Semurup hot spring in Kerinci, Jambi was conducted from May to July 2012. The aim of this study was to find out the isolate of amylo-thermophylic bacteria and to analyze amylase activities. This study used experimental methods. This study found 31 isolates of amylo-thermophylic bacteria with the amylolytic index more than 2. The isolate SII- 1.7 has the highest enzyme activity. The form of colony was circular margin, smooth shiny surface and pigmentation cream. The bacterium was gram negative, bacilli cell, positive catalase, non-motile, and has proteolytic and amylolytic activities.Keywords: amylolytic, bacterium, characterization, hot spring, thermophyli

Uji Antimikroba Curcuma spp. Terhadap Pertumbuhan Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli

A study about the effect of fresh extract of Curcuma spp on the growth of Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was conducted from March to July 2012 at Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences Andalas University. This experiment used nested completely randommized design. The result showed that fresh extracts of Curcuma spp. have different growth inhibition effects on C. albicans, S. aureus dan E. Coli. Temulawak (Curcuma xhantorrhiza) has the highest inhibition effect to the growth of C. albicans (13.07 mm), S. aureus (15.75 mm) and E. coli (31.56 mm). The lowest bactericidal consentration of fresh extract rhizome of temulawak for E. coli were 12.5% and 25%, but there is no inhibition effect to the C. albicans and S. aureus.Keywords: Curcuma, antimicrobial, extract, pathogen microbia

Penapisan Bakteri Termo-Amilolitik Dari Sumber Air Panas Sungai Medang, Kerinci, Jambi

This study aimed to observe the ability of isolated bacteria from Sungai Medang hot spring in producing amylase and to determine the activity and characteristic of isolated amylolytic bacteria which gave the highest amylolytic index. The water samples were collectied by using purposive sampling based on different level of temperatures. This study has successfully collected 48 bacterial isolated from the hot spring. To find the highest amylolytic activity, we tested ten isolated bacteria which have high amylolytic indices. We found that MV2.7 isolated from 740C of hot spring gave the highest amylolytic activity. The isolated bacteria was positive proteolytic, cellulolytic and negative lipolytic. The isolated bacteria showed higher and more spesific activity on rice starch rather than corn and sago starchKeywords: Screening, thermophilic, amylolytic, activit