PAT-6 Brain Histopathology of Cynomolgus Monkey (Macacafascicularis) with Memory Impairment Indicated by Alzheimer Type Neurodegenerative Disease

The study is about the degenerative lesion found in nine cynomolgus monkeys that showed decline cognitive function during theirold age life. In previous studies, the brain of these cynomolgus monkeys has been tested positive for amyloid deposits by using the ELISA test

Liver and kidney histopathological test of mice received Pauh Kijang (Irvingia malayana Oliv ex A. Benn) extract

The background of this study was to determine the safety of pauh kijang extract which is orally given to mice while the aim of the study was to evaluate the liver and kidney histopathological changes after receiving various dose of the extract mango (Irvingia malayana Oliv. Exe Benth.) ethanol extract. There were five group of treatments in this study : mice received extract with the concentration of (I) 1000mg /kg BW, (II)100 mg/kg BW, (III) 10 mg/kg BW, (IV) 1 mg/kg BW, and (V) received carboxy methyl cellulose-sodium (CMC-Na) as negative control. Each treatment consisted of five mice. After seven days of treatment, mice were sacrified. The liver and kidney were sampled and processed to prepare histopathology slides. The histopathology parameters were examined by counting the degeneration and necrotic cells of hepatocytes and renal epithelial tubule. The lesion of glomerulus such as atrophy and protein sedimentation were also observed. The result also showed that extract concentration of > 10 mg/kg BW result in damaging liver cells significantly, while kidney cell damage occurred significantly in the exposure of extract > 1 mg/kg BW.Key words : Irvingia malayana, liver, kidne

Growth and Extracelluler Polysaccaride Production of Porphyridium cruentum In Various Photoperiod

Porphyridium cruentum is a kind of red microalgae (Rhodophyta) that can grow and producepolysaccharides. Polysaccharides are produced on the cell, then released and accumulated byextracellular into medias. This study aimed to determine the optimum growth and productionof extracellular polysaccharides (EPs) from P. cruentum in various photoperiods. The cultivationwas done with the photoperiods at 24:0, 18:6, 12:12 and 06:18 h (light:dark) during 40 days usingmodified medium F/2. The growth is determined by measuring optical density (OD) and driedbiomasses, the productions of EPs are determined by dried weight polysaccharides as a resultof precipitation. The results showed that OD at photoperiod 24:0 has the highest value 0.876 ±0.0645 unit of absorbance, biomass concentrations are highest in the photoperiod 24:0 and 12:12respectively 716.12 ± 123 mg-l and 696.5 ± 74.5 mg-l, the highest production of EPs on thephotoperiod 12:12 is 1.310 ± 130.26 mg-l. 12:12 hours (light: dark) photoperiod is optimally usedin P. cruentum cultivations with high biomass and extracellular polysaccharide results

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Kulit Batang Ailanthus altissima terhadap Perubahan Sel Hati dan Ginjal Mencit

The aim of this study was to determine the toxicopathological effect of Ailanthus altissima extract in liver and kidney of the mouse. The treatments in this study were: (1) negative control (carboxy methocellulose), extracts with concentration of (2) 1 mg/kg BW, (3) 10 mg/kg BW, (4) 100 mg/kg BW, and (5) 1000 mg/kg BW. Every treatment consisted of 5 mice. After receiving A.altissima extract for seven day consecutively, the mice were then euthanized with overdose of ether. The liver and kidney were taken and then fixed within 10% solution of Buffer Neutral Formalin (BNF). Histopathology slides of liver and kidney were processed and stained with Hematoxylline Eosin. The cell degeneration and cell death were observed with video photo microscope. The lesion of cell death and degeneration of hepatocytes and epithelium of kidney proximal tubule were counted. The data were analyzed statistically with ANOVA test continued with Duncan test. The result showed that cell necrosis of hepatocytes was not significantly different (P>0.05) compared to control treatment, while cell necrosis was increasing in the treatment of ≥ 10 mg/kg BW in tubuli of the kidney

Komunitas Makrozoobentos dan Akumulasi Kromium di Sungai Cimanuk Lama, Jawa Barat

The residue of human activities and batik industrial waste water surrounding the river will be able to increase the accumulation of chromium and to disrupt macrozoobenthic communities in the river. The aims of this study was to assess the impact of human activities surrounding the river to the macrozoobenthic communities and the accumulation of chromium in Cimanuk Lama River, Indramayu District, West Java. The study has been conducted from AprilMay 2015 based on three times sampling at three different sampling stations. The result of this study shows that the chromium accumulated in the waters of all station still meet the standard quality ranging from 0,010-0,016 mg/l, but only station 1 fulfills the standard quality for chromium accumulated in the river sediment with the range of all stations was about 11,72-46,63 mg/kg. The results also show that the community index analysis describes the change of macrozoobenthic community at all stations caused by environmental pressure, especially at the station 2 which is indicated by the highest score of Family Biotic Index. The accumulation of the chromium in the waters and the change of macrozoobenthic community structure are mostly influenced by the use of the Cimanuk Lama river long for agricultural and fisheries activities, and also batik home industry

PENGOPTIMALAN KINERJA MOTORIK PADA PENUAAN FISIOLOGIS DAN PENUAAN AKIBAT STRES OKSIDATIF DENGAN ALANIN-GLUTAMIN DIPEPTIDA DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN PERBAIKAN FUNGSI HIPOKAMPUS

Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan pengaruh alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% terhadap perbaikan fungsi hipokampus melalui pengamatan beberapa parameter kinerja motorik seperti jarak tempuh (JT), waktu stereotipe (WT), waktu ambulatori (WA), dan waktu istirahat (WI). Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% selama 12 hari pada tikus umur 12 dan 24 bulan yang mengalami penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif. Pengamatan terhadap semua parameter kinerja motorik dilakukan dengan alat Opto-Varimex yang dikoneksikan dengan software Autotract. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan alanin-glutamin dipeptida 7% berpengaruh terhadap perbaikan kinerja motorik pada kondisi penuaan fisiologis dan penuaan akibat stres oksidatif

Improvements Glutation Levels in the Hippocampus of Aged and Oxidative-Stressed Rats by Supplementation of Alanine-Glutamine Dipeptide

Background: Physiological aging or aging due to oxidative stress causes to disruption of glutathione homeostasis of the hippocampus. Disruption of glutathione homeostasis characterized by a decrease in hippocampus glutathione levels below the normal threshold. Decreased levels of glutathione in the hippocampus was demonstrated decreased hippocampus function. One way to increase glutathione levels in the hippocampus and the function of hippocampus is to increase the concentrations of glutathione precursor. One of the glutathione precursors is alanine-glutamine dipeptide. This research was designed to obtain the most effective level of alanine-glutamine dipeptide supplementation to improve glutathione synthesis in the hippocampus of aged and oxidative-stressed rats. The highest glutathione concentrations in the hippocampus showed the best improvement on the hippocampus function in physiological aging or oxidative-stress aging rats.Design and Methods: The experimental rats were assigned into a completely randomized design with 2x2x4 factorial arrangement. The first factor was the age of the experimental rats, consisted of two levels i.e., 12 and 24 months. The second factor was oxidative stress consisted of two levels, i.e., without or with oxidative stress. The third factor was the level of alanine-glutamine dipeptide administration consisted of 4 concentrations, i.e. 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7%.Results: The results showed that administration of 7% alanine-glutamine dipeptide has resulted the highest levels of glutathione hippocampus in younger (0.0154 mg/mg tissue) or aged (0.0140 mg/mg tissue) rats or in normal (0.0150 mg/mg tissue) and in oxidative-stressed (0.0144 mg/mg tissue) rats. The increased hippocampus glutathione levels were associated to the improved functions of the hippocampus. Conclusion: alanine-glutamine dipeptide administration of 7% consentrations gave the best results on repair function of the hippocampus and has the potential to slow aging, both physiological aging or oxidative-stress aging rats (Sains Medika, 4(1):1-12)

Deteksi Dini Penyakit Tumor Sel Darah Myelosit Leukosis melalui Pemeriksaan Ulas Darah

Myelocytes blood cell tumor in chicken is a disease caused by retrovirus, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). The virus has the same group as human retrovirus (HIV) which caused AIDS, but the avian type possesses oncogenic properties, that could induce cell transformation and tumor formation. ALV-J stimulates the bone marrow's myelocytes and transforms them into tumor cell myelocytoma. The tumor cells then metastasis through the circulatory system causing myeloid leukosis and tumor cells accumulation in various internal organs or myelocytomatosis. This study was done on the base of the leukosis behavior of the tumor. The finding of the metastasis tumor cell in the blood smear examination is thought could be use as the diagnostic clue of the disease. Blood smear from sick chickens are collected and stained with some chemical staining substance such as may grunwald-giemsa, hematoxyllin eosin, periodic acid Schiff, congo red, toluidine blue, and sudan black B. Cytochemistry character of the blood cells was observed using light microscope. The result showed that myelocytes granules were best observed using hematoxyllin eosin, periodic acid Schiff, congo red and toluidine blue while may grunwald-giemsa, and sudan black B could not differentiate the granules. By this method, the field veterinarian will able to screen the suspected chicken flock for myeloid leukosis earlier than the occurrence of tumor formation

Deteksi Dini Penyakit Tumor Sel Darah Myelosit Leukosis melalui Pemeriksaan Ulas Darah

Myelocytes blood cell tumor in chicken is a disease caused by retrovirus, avian leukosis virus subgroup J (ALV-J). The virus has the same group as human retrovirus (HIV) which caused AIDS, but the avian type possesses oncogenic properties, that could induce cell transformation and tumor formation. ALV-J stimulates the bone marrow's myelocytes and transforms them into tumor cell myelocytoma. The tumor cells then metastasis through the circulatory system causing myeloid leukosis and tumor cells accumulation in various internal organs or myelocytomatosis. This study was done on the base of the leukosis behavior of the tumor. The finding of the metastasis tumor cell in the blood smear examination is thought could be use as the diagnostic clue of the disease. Blood smear from sick chickens are collected and stained with some chemical staining substance such as may grunwald-giemsa, hematoxyllin eosin, periodic acid Schiff, congo red, toluidine blue, and sudan black B. Cytochemistry character of the blood cells was observed using light microscope. The result showed that myelocytes granules were best observed using hematoxyllin eosin, periodic acid Schiff, congo red and toluidine blue while may grunwald-giemsa, and sudan black B could not differentiate the granules. By this method, the field veterinarian will able to screen the suspected chicken flock for myeloid leukosis earlier than the occurrence of tumor formation