Revisão e análise filogenética do gênero Paratetrapedia (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Tapinotaspidini)

Resumo: O gênero Paratetrapedia Moure, 1941 é aqui revisado. Dezenove novas espécies são descritas, totalizando 32 espécies para o gênero. Além das 19 novas espécies, as seguintes espécies são reconhecidas: P. duckei (Friese, 1910) = P. xanthaspis (Cockerell, 1929) syn. nov., P. romani (Friese, 1923) comb. nov., P. lineata (Spinola, 1851) = P. lacteipennis (Vachal, 1909) comb. nov., syn. nov.; P. bicolor (Smith, 1854) = P. nasuta (Smith, 1854); P. fervida (Smith, 1879) comb. nov. = P. bunchosiae (Friese, 1899) syn. nov. = P. flaviventris (Friese, 1899) syn. nov. = P. obsoleta (Schrottky, 1902) syn. nov. = P. velutina (Friese, 1910) syn. nov. = P. albilabris (Friese, 1916) comb. nov., syn. nov.; P. connexa (Vachal, 1909) comb. nov. = P. mayarum (Cockerell, 1912) comb. nov., syn. nov. = P. hypoleuca Cockerell, 1923 comb. nov., syn. nov.; P. lugubris (Cresson, 1878) = P. amplipennis (Smith, 1879) = P. gigantea (Schrottky, 1909) syn. nov. = P. bombitarsis (Vachal, 1909) comb. nov. = P. gigantea (Friese, 1910) comb. nov. = P. dentiventris (Friese, 1921) comb. nov, syn. nov.; P. volatilis (Smith, 1879) comb. nov. = P. maculata (Friese, 1899) syn. nov. = P. fuliginosa (Schrottky, 1902) comb. nov., syn. nov. = P. bimaculata (Schrottky, 1902) comb. nov., syn. nov.; P. leucostoma (Cockerell, 1923); P. calcarata (Cresson ,1878) = P. antennata (Friese, 1899); P. testacea (Smith, 1854) comb. nov. = P. obtusa Vachal, 1909 comb. nov.; P. maesta (Cresson, 1878); P. flavipennis (Smith, 1879). Lectótipos são designados para 12 espécies: Tetrapedia amplipennis Smith, T. gigantea Friese, T. dentiventris Friese, T. maculata Friese, T. fuliginosa Schrottky, T. antennata Friese, T. obtusa Vachal, T. lacteipennis Vachal, T. romani Friese, T. duckei Friese. Chaves de identificação para machos e fêmeas são fornecidas, incluindo mapas de distribuição e ilustrações de aspectos gerais e da terminália. Uma análise filogenética para as espécies foi gerada através de 71 caracteres e 41 táxons terminais. Uma mesma árvore foi gerada através da análise com pesagem igual e com pesagem implícita. A árvore de relacionamento filogenético entre as espécies de Paratetrapedia corrobora a monofilia do gênero e permite o reconhecimento de cinco grupos principais de espécies: grupo lugubris, grupo maesta, grupo bicolor, grupo lineata e grupo flavipennis. As espécies de Paratetrapedia são primariamente florestais e associadas a Floresta Amazônica. Paratetrapedia apresenta um padrão biogeográfico semelhante ao observado para outros gêneros de abelhas neotropicais e florestais, onde o grupo irmão apresenta distribuição na porção oeste da Amazônia

The first cases of gynandromorphism in oil-collecting bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae: Centridini, Tapinotaspidini)

Here we provide descriptions of gynandromorphs of two species oil-collecting bees: Lophopedia nigrispinis and Epicharis iheringii, both with partial bilateral phenotypic asymmetry. The bees have a female phenotype predominantly on mesosoma and metasoma. The specimen of L. nigrispinis has distinct characteristics on legs, suggesting a mosaic pattern of gynandromorphism. The pollen and oil loads on legs suggest that the bee was foraging normally. The gynander specimen of E. iheringii has mostly a female phenotype, except for head, with right half female type and left half male type. The specimen of L. nigrispinis was collected foraging on flowers of Bidens sp. at Parque Nacional Iguazú, Argentina with loads of pollen on legs suggesting it was reproductive and was provisioning a nest. The specimen of Epicharis iheriingi has no evidence of any oil or pollen collection, despite its mostly female phenotype

Checklist das abelhas coletoras de óleos do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Neste trabalho uma lista atualizada das espécies de abelhas coletoras de óleo do Estado de São Paulo é apresentada, com suas ocorrências associadas aos grandes biomas do estado: Floresta Atlântica e Cerrado. Alguns dados sobre a biologia das espécies mais comuns são apresentados. Discutem-se as lacunas existentes em termos de amostragem no estado.In this study a current list of the oil-collecting bees from São Paulo State is presented, with their occurrences associated to the mainly biomes of the state: Atlantic Rainforest and Cerrado. Some data on the biology of the common species are presented. We discuss about the sample gaps for the state

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype

The DUNE Far Detector Vertical Drift Technology, Technical Design Report

International audienceDUNE is an international experiment dedicated to addressing some of the questions at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics, including the mystifying preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe. The dual-site experiment will employ an intense neutrino beam focused on a near and a far detector as it aims to determine the neutrino mass hierarchy and to make high-precision measurements of the PMNS matrix parameters, including the CP-violating phase. It will also stand ready to observe supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. The DUNE far detector implements liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, and combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with the sub-centimeter spatial resolution required to image those events with high precision. The addition of a photon detection system enhances physics capabilities for all DUNE physics drivers and opens prospects for further physics explorations. Given its size, the far detector will be implemented as a set of modules, with LArTPC designs that differ from one another as newer technologies arise. In the vertical drift LArTPC design, a horizontal cathode bisects the detector, creating two stacked drift volumes in which ionization charges drift towards anodes at either the top or bottom. The anodes are composed of perforated PCB layers with conductive strips, enabling reconstruction in 3D. Light-trap-style photon detection modules are placed both on the cryostat's side walls and on the central cathode where they are optically powered. This Technical Design Report describes in detail the technical implementations of each subsystem of this LArTPC that, together with the other far detector modules and the near detector, will enable DUNE to achieve its physics goals

Highly-parallelized simulation of a pixelated LArTPC on a GPU

The rapid development of general-purpose computing on graphics processing units (GPGPU) is allowing the implementation of highly-parallelized Monte Carlo simulation chains for particle physics experiments. This technique is particularly suitable for the simulation of a pixelated charge readout for time projection chambers, given the large number of channels that this technology employs. Here we present the first implementation of a full microphysical simulator of a liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC) equipped with light readout and pixelated charge readout, developed for the DUNE Near Detector. The software is implemented with an end-to-end set of GPU-optimized algorithms. The algorithms have been written in Python and translated into CUDA kernels using Numba, a just-in-time compiler for a subset of Python and NumPy instructions. The GPU implementation achieves a speed up of four orders of magnitude compared with the equivalent CPU version. The simulation of the current induced on $10^3$ pixels takes around 1 ms on the GPU, compared with approximately 10 s on the CPU. The results of the simulation are compared against data from a pixel-readout LArTPC prototype