Assessment of drinking water quality: A case study of Moradabad Area, Uttar Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT Water is the most important commodity and mainly most misused one. Groundwater is the main principal source for drinking water and other activities in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India. It is an indispensable source of our life. The problem of groundwater quality obtains high importance in this present-day. In order to assess drinking water quality, physicochemical characteristics of drinking water collected from 10 places of Moradabad have been made. This paper is about correlation analysis of drinking water in different places of Moradabad. This attempts to bring the significance quality of ground water at the location. Total 10 ground water samples were collected, from India Mark II (IM2) hand pumps following standard methods and procedures of sampling from the various locations to analyze, various physical and chemical parameters. The results were compared with Indian standards and WHO. Correlation and Regression analysis showed that the significant linear relationship could not be maintained among different parameters. This study revealed that water of the area is much polluted and quality management is urgently needed. Titrimetric measurements for total hardness, total dissolved solids, available chlorine, chromate ion, carbonate, calcium, magnesium, dissolved carbon dioxide , alkalinity , chloride, copper and zinc have been made. Conductivity and pH measurements have also been carried out. Total dissolved solids measured gravimetrically. The results were compared with the standards prescribed by World Health Organization (WHO) and Beau row of Indian standards (BIS) for drinking water. The correlation matrix was also calculated for different parameters of drinking water

Posterior segment manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in rural population of central india

Background: Ocular manifestations of HIV infections are common in the developing countries with lacking data in rural areas. The aim of study was to assess the prevalence of ophthalmic manifestations among HIV infected individuals in rural population and to find the relationship between CD4 count and ocular manifestations among these individuals.Methods: Authors have included 400 HIV patients of age more than 15 years that were registered in ART center of our institute. Ocular examination was done with slit lamp biomicroscope and indirect ophthalmoscope. Blood sample was sent for CD4 count analysis.Results: The mean age of patients ware 31.9±9.3 years, the ocular manifestations were more commonly found in the age group 25-35 years. 51 % were males and 49% were females. Most common mode of transmission was heterosexual contact (51%).55 % patients had CD4 count >150 cell/cumm. Cotton wool spots (36%) and intra-retinal haemorrhages (32%) was most common posterior segment findings followed by ocular toxoplasmosis (13%), CMV retinitis (10%), acute retinal necrosis (3 %).Conclusions: The prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV patients is high and is a burden for our society, authors recommend screening of all the HIV patients to detect any vision threatening ocular lesions at the earliest

Framing Research Question and Formulating Hypothesis for Testing: Critical Step in Research

Science is so dynamic that every moment some new advances are happening in each and every field. Medical science is also one of them. To keep pace with the advancements, we always need to update our knowledge to improve our decisions and actions relating to various aspects of medical science. A successful research will largely depend upon how well an investigator frames the research question. To comment upon the research with a degree of certainty, we need to develop a hypothesis, so that, it can be tested statistically by applying required tests of significance

地域経済研究会シンポジウム「地域経済学研究における空間認識と理論形成」 : シンポジウム開催にあたって

<p>Due to hostile condition of red mud (RM), its utilization for vegetation is restricted. Therefore, RM with biowastes as soil amendment may offer suitable combination to support plant growth with reduced risk of metal toxicity. To evaluate the effects of RM on soil properties, plant growth performance, and metal accumulation in lemongrass, a study was conducted using different RM concentrations (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w) in soil amended with biowastes [cow dung manure (CD) or sewage-sludge (SS)]. Application of RM in soil with biowastes improved organic matter and nutrient contents and caused reduction in phytoavailable metal contents. Total plant biomass was increased under all treatments, maximally at 5% RM in soil with SS (91.4%) and CD (51.7%) compared to that in control (no RM and biowastes). Lemongrass acted as a potential metal-tolerant plant as its metal tolerance index is >100%. Based on translocation and bioconcentration factors, lemongrass acted as a potential phytostabilizer of Fe, Mn, and Cu in roots and was found efficient in translocation of Al, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, As, and Ni from roots to shoot. The study suggests that 5% RM with biowastes preferably SS may be used to enhance phytoremediation potential of lemongrass.</p

Viscosities of Binary Liquid Mixtures of Acetylene Tetrachloride with Benzene, Toluene, p-xylene, Acetone & Cyclohexane at 303.15K

Viscosities which are accurate to ± 0.01mP, have been measured for binary liquid mixtures of acetylene tetrachloride (CHCl2CHCl2, hereafter abbreviated simply as ATC) with benzene, toluene, p-xylene, acetone and cyclohexane at 303.15 ±0.01K. The values of the quantity Δη, which refer to the deviations of the experimental values of the dynamic viscosities of the mixtures from the mole fraction mixture law values, have been found to be negative for the systems ATC-benzene, ATC-toluene, ATC-p-xylene and ATC-cyclohexane. For ATC-acetone, Δη has been found to be negative at low mole fractions of ATC and positive at high mole fractions. Also the values of the parameter d have been calculated from the equation ln η = x1 ln η1+x2 ln η2 +x1 x2 d, where η1 &amp; η2 refer to the dynamic viscosities of the two pure liquids 1 and 2 whose mole fractions in the mixtures are x1 &amp; x2 respectively. The values of d indicate the existence of specific interaction of ATC with benzene, toluene, p-xylene and acetone. The viscosity data have been analysed in the light of absolute reaction rate and free volume theories of liquid viscosity

Excess Molar Volume of Binary Mixtures of Tetrachloroethylene + Acetylacetone, + Acrylonitrile, + Anisole and + Tetrahydrofuran at 303.15 K

Excess molar volumes have been measured by means of a dilatometer for tetrachloroethylene (TCE) +acetyl acetone, + acrylonitrile, +anisole and+ tetrahydrofuran at 303.15 K. VEm values are positive over the entire range of composition for TCE- anisole and TCE - acetyl acetone and negative for TCE- Tetrahydrofuran. For TCE - acrylontrile, VEm has been found to be negative up to x = 0.8379 and positive onward. Values of VmE for the various systems have been fitted by the method of least squares with smoothing equation, and have been discussed from the viewpoint of the existence of specific interactions between the components