Coupling ultrasound with enzyme-assisted extraction of essential oil from algerian artemisia herba-alba asso

The composition of the essential oil (EO) of Artemisia herba-alba Asso, extracted by Hydro-Distillation (HD) and by coupling Ultrasound with Enzyme-Assisted Extraction (UE-AE) prior to HD from the plant's aerial parts were analyzed by GC-MS. Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the obtained EOs were evaluated. The yield of EO extraction after pretreatment of the desert wormwood leaves by coupling ultrasound with enzymes was in the range of 1.56%±0.07 compared to 1.01% ±0.08 in HD process; also, the total time necessary to complete EO extraction is 180min for HD and 120min for UE-AE. GC-MS profiling of the EOs showed changes in chemo type obtained by HD from camphor/1,8-cineole/α-mujone/chrysanmenone to a new chemo type in the case of UE-AE: camphor/α-thujone/1,8-cineole/filifolone; Then, an increasing of filifolone, α-thujone, 3-octyne and cis-limonene oxide characterize the UE-EO. The antifungal activity of the EO has slightly increased when extracted by UE-AE, however, both antibacterial and antioxidant activities were interestingly increased

A review of genetic taxonomy, biomolecules chemistry and bioactivities of Citrus hystrix DC

Citrus hystrix DC. with common name makrut lime or kafir lemon, is a very popular traditional medicinal plant as well as an important spice in Asiatic countries. The plant is native of the Indonesian island Sumbawa, then, it is cultivated in Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia and the tropical region of Asia. It mainly contains essential oil and phenolic compounds. The most intense odor compounds of kafir lemon are Citronellal, L-Linalool, 1,8-Cineole , á-Terpeneol and ä-Cadinene. Such as Citrusosides-A and furanocoumarines, Makrut lime content also non-volatile compounds like alkaloids and glyceroglycolipids. Citrus hystrix DC has many biological activities due to its volatile and nonvolatile compounds, and it has been used in traditional medicine for treating various illnesses, particularly cold pain and stomach disorder. It is also used as a juice for its fruit or as spice for its aromatic leaves. This review covers data on the chemistry and biological effects of Citrus hystrix DC biomolecules, and aims to lay the foundation for further study on the extraction enhancement of these biomolecules and more useful formulations

Anticancer Molecules from Catharanthus roseus

Catharanthus roseus is an important medicinal plant found in various parts of the world and the bioactive compound has been extracted and used as anti-cancer agent to treat the cancer over decades. However, the extraction of bioactive compound also results in the generation of large quantities of pollution with wasted solvents. Toxic pollution occurs when synthetic chemicals are discharged or natural chemicals accumulate to toxic levels in the environment, causing reductions in wildlife numbers, degrading ecosystem functions and threatening human health. This review covers the extraction and phytochemical obtained leading to chemical compounds related to anti-cancer property of C. roseus. Additionally, recent advances of using biological cell cultures were also addressed. Thus, this work can be used for further investigation of C. roseus to be undertaken in future for its anti-cancer property further development and efficient production in drug industr

Characteristics of the effluent wastewater in sewage treatment plants of Malaysian Urban Areas

Recently, a lot ofdomestic wastewater is being generateddue to therise in the population in most urban areas in Malaysia. Thisimplies that more contaminations are being producedwhich are likely to affect human health. The purpose of this research was to analyzethe level of contaminants in the final treated wastewater from the sewage treatment plants in Malaysian urban areas and compare it with Malaysian standard A and B effluent discharged. The specimens used for the analysis were obtainedfrom three wastewatersewage treatment plants in Johor (A), Kuala Lumpur (B), and Penang(C). Specimens were examined usingchemical oxygen demand (COD) Vials, Nitrate Nitrogen ammonia vial, and total Phosphorus vial. The Hach DR 5000 UV-V Laboratory Spectrophotometer was used to measure the amount of COD, Nitrate, Nitrate, and Phosphorus. Also, the pH, turbidity, and BOD5 were done utilizingdissolved Oxygen machine and Lovibond Turbidity Meters. The level of BOD, COD weretreated well and discharged according to the used standards. The findings revealed that phosphorus in plant c with 12 mg/Lin February, Nitrate in plant A 22 mg/Lin January, Nitrite in plant A with 18.2 mg/Lin February, 19.4 mg/Lin February in plant B and16 mg/Lin February were found little greater than the prescribed effluent standard of Malaysian wastewater.It was recommendedthat the final treated water should be frequently and thoroughly treatedfor the purpose of reusingit for secondary intent. This study has importantimplications forprotecting human health and the environment by identifying the effluent sewer treatment plant that has no proper treatment capability to produce water that is fit for domestic and irrigation purpose