Textiles

A review of the literature published in 2009 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes

Textiles

A review of the literature published in 2009 on topics relating to the treatment alternatives for wastewater from the textile industries is presented. This review is divided into the following sections: a brief introduction on the implementation of the Best Available Techniques into textile industry, a review of the more promising treatment technologies distinguished into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes

Textiles

The present paper reviews literature on textile wastewater treatment and reuse published during the year 2004. Particularly, after a general introduction, different alternative technologies employed for textile wastewater treatment and/or reuse are presented grouped into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes

Textiles

The present paper reviews literature on textile wastewater treatment and reuse published during the year 2004. Particularly, after a general introduction, different alternative technologies employed for textile wastewater treatment and/or reuse are presented grouped into physico-chemical, biological and combined processes

Textiles

A review of the literature published in 2008 on topics relating to wastewater treatment issues and technologies in the textile industries is presented. After a brief overview of the BATTLE project, the review is divided into the following sections: physico-chemical, biological and combined processes

Fate of selected drugs in the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) for domestic sewage

The wide diffusion of Emerging Organic Micropollutants (EOMs) in the environment is receiving increasing attention due to their potential toxicological effects on living organisms. So far, the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) have not been designed with the purpose to remove these contaminants; therefore, they can represent the major source of release into the environment both through the effluent and the wasted sludge. The fate of EOMs in the WWTPs is still not completely known; further investigations are therefore needed to assess if it is possible to exploit the existing treatment units to reduce EOM concentrations or which processes must be implemented to this purpose. Among the wide class of EOMs, the present study focused on the following drugs of abuse: amphetamine (AM), methamphetamine (MET), 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9carboxy (THC-COOH) and benzoylecgonine (BEG). Presence and removal efficiency of these drugs in the activated sludge tank of a WWTP for domestic sewage was investigated through analyses at both full-scale and laboratory scale. Determinations conducted in the full-scale WWTP highlighted that, among the searched drugs, AM was found to be the most abundant in the influent and effluent of the biological oxidation tank, while 11-nor-Δ9-THC-9carboxy was present at the lowest concentration. Some removal took place in the units prior to the oxidation tank, although the main reduction was observed to occur in the biological oxidation reactor. All the drugs showed a wide variability of the measured concentrations during the week and the day. Taking into account results from both full-scale observations and batch tests, removals in the biological reactor were found within the following ranges: 33–84% for AM, 33–97% for MET, 33–57% for BEG and 29–83% for THC-COOH. These removals were due to a combination of adsorption and biodegradation mainly, while volatilization did not play a significant role. Other processes, e.g. hydrolysis, were likely to occur. © 2017 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelber

Experimental study on nitrification in a submerged aerated biofilter

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the performance of a semi-pilot scale BAF in order to obtain a highly polished effluent in terms of removal of organic matter, suspended solids and ammonia and to observe the influence of temperature, pH and nitrite accumulation on the nitrification process. The ammonia removal efficiency during summer and winter and the nitrite accumulation in presence of free ammonia were observed. The biomass density was measured at different filter bed heights and the sludge production from the effluent of the backwashing water was evaluated. The results obtained were used to calibrate a mathematical model for the prediction of the ammonia removal profile in the filter bed and of biomass thickness

Magnetic core nanoparticles coated by titania and alumina for water and wastewater remediation from metal contaminants

Nanomaterials have been widely used for remediation of contaminated streams. However, using nanomaterials within water and wastewater might be dangerous since fate and health impact of nanoparticles is still unknown. Therefore, it is mandatory to avoid contamination by removing all the nanoparticles from the treated stream. This can be performed by immobilizing the nanoparticles on supports, although this approach leads to lower efficiency values. Another possibility is to use suspended nanoparticles: in this case, efficiency of the treatment process is enhanced. If nanomaterials have a magnetic core-shell, then suspended nanoparticles can be removed in a safe and easy was by using magnetic traps. In the present study, new nanomaterials based on magnetic core-shell structure were developed: the magnetic core guarantees a complete removal from the treated water and wastewater streams, whereas the shell (coating) is functionalized to eliminate specific classes of pollutants. A first experimental step allowed to produce the magnetic nanoparticles and perform a coating with SiO2 in order to electrically isolate the core from the ambient and to avoid degradation. This procedure is well established and the production of SiO2 coated magnetic nanoparticles are nowadays a validated procedure by using a spinning disk reactor.In a successive step, the silica shell magnetic cores were coated by titania and/or activated alumina particles with the aim of removing metals by adsorption. In the present study, the arsenic adsorption capacity of silica shell magnetic cores nanoparticles coated by titania and/or activated was investigated through kinetic experiments. All the tested adsorbents performed very well showing very rapid rates of the adsorption process. Among them, the best performing media were found to be those with titania coating. The best fitting kinetic model was found to be the pseudo-second order one for all of the adsorbents

Technical and experimental evaluation of an innovative decentralized technology for the municipal wastewater treatment in the city of Rome

The present paper shows the results obtained through an experimental activity carried out on a pilot-scale plant using an innovative technology which couples the granular aerobic sludge with the sequencing batch process Treatment efficiency and operation costs were evaluated in order to assess feasibility of this new technology for the upgrading of the existing continuous flow activated sludge treatment plant located in Casal Monastero, a decentralized area of the City of Rome During start-up (about 3 months), the granular aerobic sludge was developed by controlling the dissolved oxygen concentration, the value of pH and the up-flow velocity Besides, the influent organic loading was progressively increased starting from 0 1 kg/m(3)d up to 0 9 kg/m(3)d In order to improve nitrogen removal, an anoxic phase was temporary added to the operative cycle Complete development of the granular sludge determined an appreciable improvement of the denitrification process which allowed to eliminate the anoxic phase At regime conditions, the plant was operated with 3 daily cycles, each one of 8 h The new system showed a reduced sludge production (of about 20-35%) as compared to the existing plant, along with high removal efficiency of both Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and nitrogen However, the operation was discontinuous and strictly related to the strength of the granular sludge Therefore, a careful monitoring is recommended in order to control operation and performance of this new syste