Nadmierne korzystanie z sieci społecznościowych

AbstractSocial networking sites (SNS) have become an integral part of people's lives, especially the young. In Poland, the most popular SNS is Facebook – almost 14 million use it every day. Users might communicate by SNS with their friends, share photos and movies or participate in groups. There are many functions of SNS that make them attractive. SNS satisfy their users’ needs such as the need to connect or to self-present. However it is not easy to find one reason why people use SNS. Because of the popularity of this media, a new question arises: it is possible to become addicted to SNS? Scientist use terms such as: excessive use, problem use or even an addiction, but there are still no precise criteria that might be useful to identify this problem. One might find analyses of time spending on SNS and activities performed by users in scientific articles about excessive SNS use. SNS addictive tendency was usually measured by questionnaires based on some internet addiction scales. Future research in this area is needed because SNS are still a novelty and it is necessary to differentiate normal usage from the abnormal.StreszczenieSieci społecznościowe (SNS – Social Networking Sites) stały się integralną częścią życia ludzi, w szczególności osób młodych. W Polsce najpopularniejszą siecią społecznościową jest Facebook – prawie 14 milionów ludzi codziennie z niego korzysta. Użytkownicy mogą komunikować się poprzez SNS ze swoimi przyjaciółmi, dzielić zdjęciami i nagraniami wideo czy też uczestniczyć w grupach. Wiele funkcji SNS czyni je atrakcyjnymi. SNS zaspokajają potrzeby swoich użytkowników, np. potrzebę przynależności czy potrzebę autoprezentacji. Niełatwo jest znaleźć jedną przyczynę, dla której ludzie korzystają z SNS. Z powodu popularności tego medium, nasuwa się nowe pytanie: czy możliwe jest uzależnienie się od sieci społecznościowych? Naukowcy posługują się terminami, takimi jak: nadmierne korzystanie, problemowe użytkowanie czy nawet uzależnienie, ale wciąż brakuje kryteriów, które mogłyby być pomocne przy identyfikowaniu tego problemu. W artykułach naukowych na temat nadmiernego korzystania z SNS można znaleźć analizy dotyczące czasu spędzanego w sieci i aktywności podejmowanych przez ich użytkowników. Tendencja do uzależnienia od SNS była zazwyczaj mierzona za pomocą kwestionariuszy opracowanych na podstawie skal badających uzależnienie od Internetu. Potrzebne są kolejne badania w tym obszarze, ponieważ SNS wciąż są nowym zjawiskiem i niezbędne jest zróżnicowanie, kiedy użytkowanie jest normą, a kiedy przestaje nią być

Quantitative analysis of data relating to ski tourism according to Scorpus database

Background: The aim of the research was to acquire knowledge as to how the development of scientific publications looks, while also to specify the scope of research on the area of ski tourism. The research process is concentrated on the following research questions: In what way has the scientific output developed in the field of research on ski tourism? Who is the principal participant (countries, universities, authors, titles of sources) in the accumulation of research in a particular field? Method: In the process of selecting the test sample as a source of bibliometric data the Scopus database was applied. The test sample (N=1500) consisted of publications that contained such phrases in their works as “ski tourism”, “ski hotels”, “ski resorts” in their titles or key words. A general profiling of publications was conducted in order to assess the trends in scientific output and the acknowledgement of the leading co-workers in the field of research. MS Excel was applied for the purpose of supporting the process of analysis and the visualization of results. Results: The analysis indicates that research on ski tourism is one of the aspects of great tradition. This has gained increasingly great interest among academic environments, which led to the breakthrough growth in the number of publications in 2006 indexed in the Scopus database. This publication output encompasses 26 research areas. Conclusions: The principal areas yielding the largest number of publications with regard to ski tourism are to be found in social sciences and science on the environment. The main authors and co-authors in this field are as follows: representatives from the EU and the USA, while the most productive research institution is Universität Innsbruck. The author of the greatest number of publications is Prof. Daniel Scott (University of Waterloo, Canada). The EU is one of the main sponsors

Patterns of glomerular disease based on 4-year kidney biopsy material analyzed by light microscopy and immunofluorescence: a retrospective single-center analysis in Poland

The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiology of different patterns of chronic glomerular diseases based on clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescent findings of glomerulonephritis patients hospitalized in the Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Diseases in Poznan between January 2009 and December 2012. We retrospectively studied 418 patients who had been subjected to renal biopsies. Data on serum creatinine concentration, 24 h proteinuria, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and histological and immunofluorescent findings were collected. The patients’ mean age was 42 ±15. The male sex prevailed (53.1%). Immunoglobulin A nephropathy was the most common finding (18.9%), followed by focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (16.3%), membranous glomerulonephritis (10.1%), lupus nephritis (8.4%), extracapillary glomerulonephritis (3.3%) and membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (2.6%). In 69 (16.5%) patients the biopsy was non-informative or non-diagnostic. Patients with membranous nephropathy presented the highest frequency of nephrotic syndrome (71.4%), followed by membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Combined analysis of the clinical, histopathological and immunofluorescent findings in glomerulonephritis patients based on a single center’s data can provide important epidemiological findings