Polymeric separation materials in energy storage systems for e-mobility

Magazyny energii są zbudowane z pojedynczych ogniw, w których oprócz katody, anody i elektrolitu znajduje się polimerowy materiał separacyjny. To właśnie cechy separatora decydują m.in. o cykliczności pracy i o pojemności ogniwa oraz technologii produkcji akumulatora. Przedstawiono przegląd materiałów separacyjnych stosowanych w magazynach energii wykorzystywanych w e-mobilności. Omówiono separatory używane w akumulatorach kwasowych, niklowo-wodorkowych oraz najpopularniejszych obecnie litowo-jonowych. Opisano również nowe rozwiązania technologiczne w dziedzinie materiałów separacyjnych do chemicznych źródeł prądu.Energy storage systems are built of a number of cells containing cathode, anode, electrolyte, and a separating element made of polymer. The features of the separator determine the cyclic character of the system’s work, the cell capacity and the technology of battery production. The paper presents a review of materials used in the production of separators for energy storage systems for e-mobility. The separators currently applied in acidic batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries and most popular lithium--ionic batteries are described. Moreover, new technological solutions in the area of separators used in chemical sources of current are discussed

The influence of the small platinum clusters on hydrogen sorption properties

Hydrogen sorption abilities of Pt-B2O3/Al2O3 systems with different molar ratio of oxides obtained by sol-gel method were examined. Platinum was introduced by surface impregnation. Main goal of the research was to check an influence of metallic component (platinum) on sorption properties of B2O3/Al2O3 binary oxides. The oxide systems were characterized using XRD and TEM. Hydrogen adsorption was tested in the volumetric system and TPD measurements were taken. Results show that the amount of adsorbed hydrogen depends not only on the amount of platinum in the system but also on the type of oxide support and mainly on the content of boria

Sol–Gel Approach for Design of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 System—Synthesis and Catalytic Tests

Al2O3-TiO2 systems with Ti:Al 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 molar ratio obtained by the sol–gel method have been used as a platinum support. As a precursor of alumina gel, aluminum isopropoxide has been chosen. Titanium tert-butoxylate was applied to obtain titania gel and hexachloroplatinic acid was applied as a source of platinum. The systems have been characterized by the following methods: thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms (BET, BJH), temperature-programmed reduction with hydrogen (TPR-H2) and hydrogen chemisorption. Reactions of toluene to methylcyclohexane and selective o-chloronitrobenzene (o-CNB) to o-chloroaniline (o-CAN) hydrogenation were used as the tests of systems’ catalytic activity. The application of Al2O3-TiO2 as a support has enabled the obtaining of platinum catalysts showing high activities for hydrogenation of toluene and selective hydrogenation of o-chloronitrobenzene to o-chloroaniline in the liquid phase. The highest activity in both reactions has been found for Pt/Al2O3-0.5TiO2 catalyst and the highest selectivity for Pt/Al2O3-. The activity of Pt/Al2O3-TiO2 catalysts was higher than that of alumina-supported ones

Characterisation of carbonate lake sediments as a potential filler for polymer composites

The purpose of the study was to determine whether lake sediments could be a potential raw material for the plastics industry. The examined samples were obtained in a complex process of sediment collection from Lake Swarzędzkie located in the region of Wielkopolska, Poland, followed by granulometric analysis by sieving and quartz grain shape analysis, with preparation of geotechnical sheets. The works involved the examination of physico-chemical characteristics of carbonate lake sediments and the analysis of impact of the sediments’ depth extraction on their chemical composition and physico-chemical properties. The lake sediment consists mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and can be a potential filler for plastics. Tests were carried out to determine chemical composition of the sediments and their thermal stability. The thermogravimetric analysis showed the three stages of the thermal decomposition. Sediments in deeper layers of the lake are characterised by the presence of not only CaCO3 and silica, but also other chemical compounds, including aluminosilicates. In addition, as the depth increases, the average size of sediment particles changes, with the main fraction particle size being the smallest for the material from the 6–12 m depth. Additionally, carbon content systematically decreases with increasing depth