Food and Medicine of Tamils in Sangam Literature

From the beginning of man to the present day, food has been essential and indispensable in the world.  Food is not uniform in all regions. The consumption of food varies according to the climate of the country and the region. In today's time, there is a wide variety of food available in all countries, but not everyone wants to change from the food habits of that country. The food habits of the Tamils of the Sangam Age were slightly different. Literature tells us that the food that sustains life (medicine) and that food was their disease. The food that could be eaten at the same time was a delicious meal. There are evidences in Sangam literature (Ettuthogai, Pattupattu) that even though it was a delicious food, they ate it as a medicinal food. This research paper will be explored in such a way that it will find a detailed explanation of this

Facility-based delivery in the context of Zimbabwe's HIV epidemic--missed opportunities for improving engagement with care: a community-based serosurvey.

BackgroundIn developing countries, facility-based delivery is recommended for maternal and neonatal health, and for prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT). However, little is known about whether or not learning one's HIV status affects one's decision to deliver in a health facility. We examined this association in Zimbabwe.MethodsWe analyzed data from a 2012 cross-sectional community-based serosurvey conducted to evaluate Zimbabwe's accelerated national PMTCT program. Eligible women (≥16 years old and mothers of infants born 9-18 months before the survey) were randomly sampled from the catchment areas of 157 health facilities in five of ten provinces. Participants were interviewed about where they delivered and provided blood samples for HIV testing.ResultsOverall 8796 (77 %) mothers reported facility-based delivery; uptake varied by community (30-100%). The likelihood of facility-based delivery was not associated with maternal HIV status. Women who self-reported being HIV-positive before delivery were as likely to deliver in a health facility as women who were HIV-negative, irrespective of when they learned their status - before (adjusted prevalence ratio (PRa) = 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.00-1.09) or during pregnancy (PRa = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.09). Mothers who had not accessed antenatal care or tested for HIV were most likely to deliver outside a health facility (69%). Overall, however 77% of home deliveries occurred among women who had accessed antenatal care and were HIV-tested.ConclusionsUptake of facility-based delivery was similar among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected mothers, which was somewhat unexpected given the substantial technical and financial investment aimed at retaining HIV-positive women in care in Zimbabwe

HTS pulse-stretcher and second order modulator: design and first results

One of the remaining challenges in the application of superconducting electronics is the interfacing between superconducting and semiconducting environments. The voltage and speed mismatch between RSFQ pulses and semiconducting read-out electronics makes it necessary to amplify as well as stretch the RSFQ pulses. Moreover, circuits based on HTS (High Temperature Superconductor) technology are very attractive since they can operate under considerably relaxed cooling effort, which is one of the main problems with LTS (Low Temperature Superconductor) circuits. Within the European project SuperADC, a HTS second order sigma delta modulator and a pulse stretcher, used as an interface between the modulator and the first semi-conducting amplifier stage, have been designed at Twente University and will be presented here

PRODUKSI GULA PEREDUKSI DARI AMPAS SAGU (Metroxylon sp.) MENGGUNAKAN METODE HIDROLISIS ASAM SELAMA 30 MENIT

Production of Reducing Sugar from Sago Dregs (Metroxylon Sp.) Using Acid Hydrolysis Method for 30 Minutes. Thesis majoring in Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Cenderawasih University.Until now, sago dregs have not been widely used, so a lot of the waste is disposed of without processing it first. This sago pulp contains quite high starch where the starch is strongly bound to cellulose (cellulose and glucose). Cellulose contained in sago pulp can be converted into glucose. The  purpose  of  this  study  was  to  determine  the  level  of  reducing  sugar  produced  by  the hydrolysis process of sago pulp and to compare based on the hydrolysis time (30.60.90 minutes), after being analyzed quantitatively with the DNS method to determine glucose levels. The results showed that the hydrolysis time of 30 minutes resulted in an average glucose level of 0.1179 mg/mL. Keywords: Hydrolysis, Sago Dregs, Reducing uga

The challenge of pharmaceutical promotion regulation in Malaysia.

Information on medicines provided to doctors should be of high quality to support the quality use of medicines. Pharmaceutical promotion is used by pharmaceutical companies to disseminate information about their medicines to doctors. Although the companies claim that promotion offers evidence-based information, research shows that pharmaceutical promotion often provide bias and poor quality of information that may negatively influence doctors' prescribing behaviour. In Malaysia, the pharmaceutical market is highly competitive. It appears that pharmaceutical companies actively promoting their medicines to Malaysian doctors. Given the absence of a comprehensive independent source of prescribing information in Malaysia, Malaysian doctors may be more likely to rely on medicines information provided by pharmaceutical companies. Clearly, pharmaceutical promotional activities in Malaysia need to be effectively regulated. This article will discuss the regulation of pharmaceutical promotion and current policy challenges in Malaysia