20 research outputs found
Ising Model Coupled to Three-Dimensional Quantum Gravity
We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of the Ising model coupled to
three-dimensional quantum gravity based on a summation over dynamical
triangulations. These were done both in the microcanonical ensemble, with the
number of points in the triangulation and the number of Ising spins fixed, and
in the grand canoncal ensemble. We have investigated the two possible cases of
the spins living on the vertices of the triangulation (``diect'' case) and the
spins living in the middle of the tetrahedra (``dual'' case). We observed phase
transitions which are probably second order, and found that the dual
implementation more effectively couples the spins to the quantum gravity.Comment: 11 page
Numerical simulation of stochastic vortex tangles
We present the results of simulation of the chaotic dynamics of quantized
vortices in the bulk of superfluid He II.
Evolution of vortex lines is calculated on the base of the Biot-Savart law.
The dissipative effects appeared from the interaction with the normal
component, or/and from relaxation of the order parameter are taken into
account. Chaotic dynamics appears in the system via a random forcing, e.i. we
use the Langevin approach to the problem. In the present paper we require the
correlator of the random force to satisfy the fluctuation-disspation relation,
which implies that thermodynamic equilibrium should be reached. In the paper we
describe the numerical methods for integration of stochastic differential
equation (including a new algorithm for reconnection processes), and we present
the results of calculation of some characteristics of a vortex tangle such as
the total length, distribution of loops in the space of their length, and the
energy spectrum.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
An Effective Model for Crumpling in Two Dimensions?
We investigate the crumpling transition for a dynamically triangulated random
surface embedded in two dimensions using an effective model in which the
disordering effect of the variables on the correlations of the normals is
replaced by a long-range ``antiferromagnetic'' term. We compare the results
from a Monte Carlo simulation with those obtained for the standard action which
retains the 's and discuss the nature of the phase transition.Comment: 5 page
Spin Networks and Quantum Gravity
We introduce a new basis on the state space of non-perturbative quantum
gravity. The states of this basis are linearly independent, are well defined in
both the loop representation and the connection representation, and are labeled
by a generalization of Penrose's spin netoworks. The new basis fully reduces
the spinor identities (SU(2) Mandelstam identities) and simplifies calculations
in non-perturbative quantum gravity. In particular, it allows a simple
expression for the exact solutions of the Hamiltonian constraint
(Wheeler-DeWitt equation) that have been discovered in the loop representation.
Since the states in this basis diagnolize operators that represent the three
geometry of space, such as the area and volumes of arbitrary surfaces and
regions, these states provide a discrete picture of quantum geometry at the
Planck scale.Comment: 42 page
Emergence of a 4D World from Causal Quantum Gravity
Causal Dynamical Triangulations in four dimensions provide a
background-independent definition of the sum over geometries in nonperturbative
quantum gravity, with a positive cosmological constant. We present evidence
that a macroscopic four-dimensional world emerges from this theory dynamically.Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures; some short clarifying comments added; final
version to appear in Phys. Rev. Let
Quantization of Point Particles in 2+1 Dimensional Gravity and Space-Time Discreteness
By investigating the canonical commutation rules for gravitating quantized
particles in a 2+1 dimensional world it is found that these particles live on a
space-time lattice. The space-time lattice points can be characterized by three
integers. Various representations are possible, the details depending on the
topology chosen for energy-momentum space. We find that an
topology yields a physically most interesting lattice within which first
quantization of Dirac particles is possible. An topology also gives a
lattice, but does not allow first quantized particles.Comment: 23 pages Plain TeX, 3 Figure
The Well-Defined Phase of Simplicial Quantum Gravity in Four Dimensions
We analyze simplicial quantum gravity in four dimensions using the Regge
approach. The existence of an entropy dominated phase with small negative
curvature is investigated in detail. It turns out that observables of the
system possess finite expectation values although the Einstein-Hilbert action
is unbounded. This well-defined phase is found to be stable for a one-parameter
family of measures. A preliminary study indicates that the influence of the
lattice size on the average curvature is small. We compare our results with
those obtained by dynamical triangulation and find qualitative correspondence.Comment: 29 pages, uuencoded postscript file; to appear in Phys. Rev.
On the stability of renormalizable expansions in three-dimensional gravity
Preliminary investigations are made for the stability of the expansion
in three-dimensional gravity coupled to various matter fields, which are
power-counting renormalizable. For unitary matters, a tachyonic pole appears in
the spin-2 part of the leading graviton propagator, which implies the unstable
flat space-time, unless the higher-derivative terms are introduced. As another
possibility to avoid this spin-2 tachyon, we propose Einstein gravity coupled
to non-unitary matters. It turns out that a tachyon appears in the spin-0 or -1
part for any linear gauges in this case, but it can be removed if non-minimally
coupled scalars are included. We suggest an interesting model which may be
stable and possess an ultraviolet fixed point.Comment: 32 pages. (A further discussion to avoid tachyons is included. To be
Published in Physical Review D.
Quantum symmetry, the cosmological constant and Planck scale phenomenology
We present a simple algebraic argument for the conclusion that the low energy
limit of a quantum theory of gravity must be a theory invariant, not under the
Poincare group, but under a deformation of it parameterized by a dimensional
parameter proportional to the Planck mass. Such deformations, called
kappa-Poincare algebras, imply modified energy-momentum relations of a type
that may be observable in near future experiments. Our argument applies in both
2+1 and 3+1 dimensions and assumes only 1) that the low energy limit of a
quantum theory of gravity must involve also a limit in which the cosmological
constant is taken very small with respect to the Planck scale and 2) that in
3+1 dimensions the physical energy and momenta of physical elementary particles
is related to symmetries of the full quantum gravity theory by appropriate
renormalization depending on Lambda l^2_{Planck}. The argument makes use of the
fact that the cosmological constant results in the symmetry algebra of quantum
gravity being quantum deformed, as a consequence when the limit \Lambda
l^2_{Planck} -> 0 is taken one finds a deformed Poincare invariance. We are
also able to isolate what information must be provided by the quantum theory in
order to determine which presentation of the kappa-Poincare algebra is relevant
for the physical symmetry generators and, hence, the exact form of the modified
energy-momentum relations. These arguments imply that Lorentz invariance is
modified as in proposals for doubly special relativity, rather than broken, in
theories of quantum gravity, so long as those theories behave smoothly in the
limit the cosmological constant is taken to be small.Comment: LaTex, 19 page
The basis of the Ponzano-Regge-Turaev-Viro-Ooguri model is the loop representation basis
We show that the Hilbert space basis that defines the Ponzano-Regge-
Turaev-Viro-Ooguri combinatorial definition of 3-d Quantum Gravity is the same
as the one that defines the Loop Representation. We show how to compute lengths
in Witten's 3-d gravity and how to reconstruct the 2-d geometry from a state of
Witten's theory. We show that the non-degenerate geometries are contained in
the Witten's Hilbert space. We sketch an extension of the combinatorial
construction to the physical 4-d case, by defining a modification of Regge
calculus in which areas, rather than lengths, are taken as independent
variables. We provide an expression for the scalar product in the Loop
representation in 4-d. We discuss the general form of a nonperturbative quantum
theory of gravity, and argue that it should be given by a generalization of
Atiyah's topological quantum field theories axioms.Comment: 16 page