Effectiveness of Agriculture Productivity on Inclusive Growth in Nigeria, 1981-2016

This study examines the impact of agriculture on inclusive growth in Nigeria. A time series data covering the period, 1981-2016, sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria amongst others was utilised for the study. Accordingly, three stage least squares technique of analysis was used in evaluating the data. Inequality, poverty and unemployment were used as a proxy for inclusive growth while agriculture output, agricultural value-added, agricultural labour employed, government expenditure in agriculture, gross capital formation as well as bank loan and advances to agriculture were used as indicators of agricultural development. The study finds that agriculture has insignificant impact on inclusive growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that it is imperative for the country to develop its agricultural sector through sufficient government spending in order to set-up its inclusive growth. Keywords: agriculture, inclusive growth, inequality, poverty, and unemployment

Inegbedion, H.E. Adama, J. Agba, D., Obainoke, F. (2020). Ethical Dilemmas of Bank Marketers in Nigeria: A Qualitative Study

The purpose of dis paper is to investigate the nature of the inequalities in the usage of the internet and inequalities in the growth rate in the usage of the internet, and thus ascertain the possibility of convergence of the digital divide between the major regions of the world. The design was a longitudinal study of the usage of internet and growth rate in the usage of the internet in the different regions of the world for the period 2009–2019. The quantitative research method was used. Simple percentages and F-test were used in data analysis. The usage of internet in Asia and Europe is higher than the other regions in the world but there is no significant difference in usage between the other regions. The results further showed that some of the digitally disadvantaged regions had higher growth rates in the usage of the internet and these digitally disadvantage states are not disadvantaged in access to smartphones and the emerging 5G technology, thus suggesting the possibility of imminent convergence in access to the internet given the increasing usage of smartphones for the internet subscription. The focus on internet usage in the major regions of the world without recourse to the variability of the usage and growth rate of internet usage within the regions. The dearth of the empirical literature on quantitative research on the research problem was another constraint. Finally, restriction in available statistics on digital divide constrained the use of 2009–2019 as the periodic scope of the stud

Effectiveness of Agriculture Productivity on Inclusive Growth in Nigeria, 1981-2016

Accordingly, three stage least squares technique of analysis was used in evaluating the data. Inequality, poverty and unemployment were used as a proxy for inclusive growth while agriculture output, agricultural value-added, agricultural labour employed, government expenditure in agriculture, gross capital formation as well as bank loan and advances to agriculture were used as indicators of agricultural development. The study finds that agriculture has insignificant impact on inclusive growth in Nigeria. Therefore, the study recommends that it is imperative for the country to develop its agricultural sector through sufficient government spending in order to set-up its inclusive growth. Keywords: agriculture, inc

Reducing Small Scale Farmers Poverty through Credit access in Kwara State Nigeria

This is a study of credit access by small scale farmers and its impact on poverty reduction in Kwara state. The study made use of survey research design and adapted the Cobb-Douglas production function which measured the productivity of small scale farmers using ordinary least square method. The study also measured profitability, Net farm income and poverty status of borrowers and non-borrowers. It was found that though credit users had higher productivity, profitability and Net farm income compared to non-credit users, the difference was insignificant. Also, it was found that the poverty level of the famers who had access to credit was lower than that of farmers who did not have access to credit. Hence, the study concludes that credit can guarantee poverty reduction and also assist to include small scale farmers in the growth process if it is made available in sufficient quantities. The study therefore recommends an increase in credit available to small scale farmers through collaborative efforts between formal financial institutions and government since credit can positively impact on poverty reduction. Keywords: Credit, Small Scale Farmers, Poverty reduction

Analysing Rural-Urban Disparity in Access to Safe Toilet in Nigeria

This study examines the socio-economic determinants of access to safe toilet facilities in Nigerian households. It also investigates the factors responsible for rural-urban disparity in accessing safe toilets among Nigerians. It uses the 2013 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) on Nigeria for all the analyses. Binary and Ordered Probit Regressions Models as well as Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition were used to determined factors affecting access to safe toilet facilities in the country. The results shows that, households head age, marital status, gender, household size, education, wealth index, locations, ethnicity and geopolitical variations are the significant determinants of households’ access to safe toilets in Nigeria. While, household size, rural locality, zones, gender, and lower wealth index have negative impacts; households head age, marital status, ethnicity and education level, have positive effects on the households’ access to safe toilets in the country. Secondly, differences in the age of households head, household size, wealth index, gender, zones and marital status are the factors responsible for the rural-urban variation in access to safe toilets in Nigeria. The study recommends poverty reduction programmes, public-private partnership, provision of public toilets, rural development, educational improvement, cultural and value re-orientation and social security programme among others as measures to improve access to safe toilet facilities in the country. Keywords:Safe toilets, socioeconomic, probit, Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and socio-economic development

Decomposing inequality in the incidence of obesity in Nigeria

This study examines the socioeconomic factors responsible for income and gender related inequalities in the prevalence of obesity in Nigeria. It uses the 2013 Demographic Health Survey (DHS) on Nigeria for all the analyses. Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition was used to identified and explained socioeconomics factors responsible for disparities in the incidence of obesity in the country. The decomposition results show that females are more likely to be obese than males while the rich are more likely to be obese than the poor. Endowment and coefficient effects contributed to the gender obesity while the coefficient and interaction effects contribute significantly to the gap due to differences in income levels. Finally, the study recommends awareness creation, indoor physical exercises, balance diet, public health education, cultural and value re-orientation and establishing gymnasium, especially for rich and female households, as solution to the problem of overweight and obesity in Nigeria. Keywords: Obesity; BMI; Overweight; Oaxaca-Blinder Decompositio

Analysis of the Effects of Climate Change on Crop Output in Nigeria

This study investigates the effects of climate change factors and non-climate change factors on crop output in Nigeria. Empirical research approach was adopted with the use of secondary sources of time series annual data obtained from reputable sources for the period 1980-2013. Error Correction Mechanism was used for the analysis. It was found that in the short run, only rainfall tested significantly positive to crop output among the climate change factors but there is evidence of significant effects of all climate change factors on crop output in the long-run. For example, temperature, carbon dioxide emission, carbon emission and rainfall were tested significantly to crop output. Furthermore, non-climate change factors like economically active population, gross capital formation, and land area equipped for irrigation were significantly positive to crop output. To forestall the effects of climate change on crop output, the study recommends that policy makers should formulate policies that will aid farmers towards adaptation practices in farming that can mitigate the effects of climate change. Furthermore, governments and other relevant agencies should also design programmes that can motivate the masses to increase their involvement in crop production

Does Foreign Direct Investments Impact Agricultural Output in Nigeria? An Error Correction Modelling Approach

This study measures the impact of foreign direct investment on agricultural output in Nigeria. It opines that foreign direct investment is one of the viable techniques of financing development in developing countries. To achieve our objective, the study used times series data spanning a period of 34 years for several variables from credible sources. The method of analysis used was Error correction model. The study found an insignificantly positive effect of foreign direct investment on agricultural output in the short-run but found a significant effect on agricultural output in the long-run. Furthermore, the study found a significant effect of employment, exchange rate, and interest rates on agricultural output in the long-run. It is recommended that deliberate polices must be quickly enacted to reduce interest rates for farm purposes, encourage labour availability in agriculture and stabilize exchange rates within the Nigerian economy. These way foreign investors will be encouraged to import their capital for agricultural production activities now which will be a guarantee for a significant impact of foreign direct investment on agricultural output in the long run

Access to Electricity and Drinking Water in the Presence of Ethnic Diversity: Evidence from Nigeria

ABSTRACT The study analysed the effects of ethnic diversity on access to drinking water and electricity in Nigeria. Our analysis indicates that ethnic diversity at the sub-national level has reduced households’ access to safe drinking water, but increased provision of electricity. The implication of the finding is that provision of targeted public goods are more prone to negative effects of ethnic diversity than non targeted public goods. Ethnic diversity will increase provision of public goods due to increased lobbying by the various ethnic groups. The study recommends that the national government should provide targeted public goods in heterogeneous countries