EVALUATION OF ARISTOLOCHIA BRACTEOLATA LINN. FOR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY, α-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION, AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

Objective: To evaluate antimicrobial efficacy, α-glucosidase inhibition and various phytochemical constituents of Aristolochia bracteolata Linn.Methods: Soxhlet extraction by using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol solvents, antimicrobial, α-glucosidase inhibition assay, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical estimation.Results: The results revealed that the methanolic extract showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activity. The maximum zone of inhibition was against Bacillus subtilis (24 mm), Yersinia enterocholitica (22 mm) and Proteus vulgaris (20 mm) at the concentration of 5 mg/ml of extract. Methanolic extract showed MIC value of 250 μg/ml against all the fungal pathogens. The methanol extract showed 78.27% of α-glucosidase inhibition. The phytochemical tests showed the presence of phenols, terpenoids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates in methanol extract. Total phenolic and total flavonoid content of methanol extract were 103.21±1.23 mg catechol equivalents/100 g extract and 53.01±1.78 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g respectively.Conclusion: The results conclude that the extracts of Aristolochia bracteolata exert multiple biological properties due to the presence of flavonoids and phenols. It is also an effective glucosidase inhibitor. It can be used to obtain novel antibacterial compounds for the treatment of infectious diseases in future.Key words: Aristolochia bracteolata Linn, Phytochemical, Phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity, α-glucosidase inhibition.Â

EVALUATING THE EFFICACY OF ALUMINUM PHOSPHATE FORMULATED L2 BASED HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS VACCINE

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV) caused cervical cancer the second most common cancer among women worldwide and the most common cancer in developing countries like India. Though, currently type specific prophylactic vaccine have been developed, there is a need for cross protective virus neutralizing vaccine. In this study we have tried to show the multi-epitope vaccine and check the final Alum adjuvant formulated vaccine antibody titer.Methods: Our study was targeted to analyses the in vivo vaccine efficacy of the aluminum adjuvant formulated recombinant multi epitope antigen with two different grades of aluminum phosphate (pH 5.5 & 6.4). Neutralizing antibody titters against the major neutralizing epitope 17-36 aa region of the N-terminal domain.Results: The results of this study showed that the final aluminium adjuvant recombinant L2 based multi-epitope vaccine produced antibody against 17-36 peptide one of the proven major virus neutralizing epitope.Conclusion: L2 based multi-epitope recombinant antigen formulated with aluminium adjuvant can be an low cost, broadly protective HPV vaccine.Keywords: Human papilloma virus L2, Multi-epitope recombinant vaccine, Aluminum adjuvant.Â

EVALUATION OF ANTIMICROBIAL EFFICIENCY AND ΑLPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITION OF RUBUS ELLIPTICUS SMITH. LEAF EXTRACTS AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

 Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate phytochemicals, antimicrobial and α-glucosidase inhibition effects of Rubus ellipticus.Methods: Various solvent extracts were investigated for its phytochemical analysis. Total phenol content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) weredetermined by using standard methods. The extracts of R. ellipticus were tested for antimicrobial activity and in vitro α-glucosidase inhibition effect.Results: The phytochemical tests revealed the presence of phytocontituents significantly in methanol extract with high TPC and TFC. Methanol extractshowed significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and negative strains, as well as a strong antifungal activity. The maximum inhibitionzone is found against Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) (22, 17 and 18 mm) respectively. Againstfungus the inhibition zone ranged between 19 mm and 23 mm. Methanolic extract showed minimum inhibitory concentration value with 32.5 μg/mlagainst S. aureus, 62.55 μg/ml against MRSA, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum 15 μg/ml against Aspergillus niger.The methanol extracts and standard acarobose showed significant α-glucosidase inhibition effect with 86.14% and 92.46%.Conclusions: Correlation achieved by antimicrobial activity and α-glucosidase inhibition of R. ellipticus and its chemical composition insinuates thatthe activities may be easily ascribed to phenolic compound and flavonoids present in the high percentage in the leaf. Thus, our findings could providea basis of future studies on R. ellipticus leaves used in food and pharmaceutical applications.Keywords: Rubus ellipticus, Phytochemical, Phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial activity, α-glucosidase inhibition

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF GARCINIA MANGOSTANA

  Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate in vitro antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Garcinia mangostana leaves.Methods: The powdered leaf was subjected to sequential extraction using hexane, ethyl acetate (EA), and methanol. The extracts were subjected to quantitative and qualitative phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. The best solvent extract was subjected to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.Results: The highest activity was recorded in EA extract which was subjected to GC-MS analysis revealing the presence of squalene (17.09%).Conclusion: From this present study, we conclude that EA is the best solvent for extracting antimicrobial and antioxidant compounds from the leaves of G. mangostana

Statistical optimization of thermo-alkali stable xylanase production from Bacillus tequilensis strain ARMATI

Background: Xylanase from bacteria finds use in prebleaching process and bioconversion of lignocelluloses into feedstocks. The xylanolytic enzyme brings about the hydrolysis of complex biomolecules into simple monomer units. This study aims to optimize the cellulase-free xylanase production and cell biomass of Bacillus tequilensis strain ARMATI using response surface methodology (RSM). Results: Statistical screening ofmediumconstituents and the physical factors affecting xylanase and biomass yield of the isolate were optimized by RSM using central composite design at N = 30, namely 30 experimental runs with 4 independent variables. The central composite design showed 3.7 fold and 1.5 fold increased xylanase production and biomass yield of the isolate respectively compared to \u2018one factor at a time approach\u2019, in the presence of the basal medium containing birchwood xylan (1.5% w/v) and yeast extract (1% w/v), incubated at 40\ub0C for 24 h. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed high coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9978 and 0.9906 for the respective responses at significant level (p < 0.05). The crude xylanase obtained from the isolate showed stability at high temperature (60\ub0C) and alkaline condition (pH 9) up to 4 h of incubation. Conclusions: The cellulase-free xylanase showed an alkali-tolerant and thermo-stable property with potentially applicable nature at industrial scale. This statistical approach established a major contribution in enzyme production from the isolate by optimizing independent factors and represents a first reference on the enhanced production of thermo-alkali stable cellulase-free xylanase from B. tequilensis

Asuhan Keperawatan Berdasarkan Sdki Siki Slki Pada Pasien Ganglion Di Ruang Mawar Rumah Sakit Nashrul Ummah Lamongan

Ganglion merupakan benjolan yang tidak bergejala namun kadang di temukan nyeri ganglion di sebabkan pengunaaan lengan yang berlebihan Jika Ganglion menimbulkan gejala dan ketidaknyamanan ataupun masalah mekanis, salah satu tindakan untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri (mengeluarkan isi cairan di dalam Ganglion dengan menggunakan jarum) dan pengangkatan Ganglion secara bedah aspirasi melibatkan pemasukan jarum ke dalam Ganglion dan mengeluarkan isinya setelah mematirasakan daerah sekitar Ganglion. METODE: penelitian ini menggunakan metode study kasus yaitu untuk menunjukan keluhan yang di rasakan adalah nyeri pada luka bekas operasi pada bagian punggung tangan kiri diangnosis keperawatan muncul yaitu nyeri akut Hasil: Pada Tn. “S” dengan Ganglion ditemukan pemeriksaan fisik pre operasi tangan terdapat benjolan dan berwarna kemerahan, nyeri tekan, Nyeri Akut berhubungan dengan tindakan pembedahan. Dilakukan tindakan identifikasi penyebab, kualitas, lokasi, skala, waktu nyeri, identifikasi faktor yang memperberat dan memperingan nyeri, monitor keberhasilan terapi komplementer, berikan teknik nonfarmakologis, berikan teknik latihan nafas, jelaskan penyebab, periode, pemicu nyeri, jelaskan strategi meredakan nyeri, anjurkan memonitor nyeri, laksanakan terapi pemberian analgetik dan antibiotik. Masalah selesai hari ketiga dengan keadaan umum baik, keluhan nyeri menurun, meringis menurun, DISKUSI: Diharapkan pasien dapat mengetahui nyeri dan menganjurkan kompres air hanga

THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS ZN AND NI ON GROWTH OF IN VITRO HAIRY ROOT CULTURES OF INDIAN MUSTARD Brassica juncea L

ABSTRACT: Roots are the plant parts which facilitate the primary contact between a plant and pollutant and culturing of genetically transformed hairy roots of hyperaccumulator plant sp.Brassica juncea L. grown in vitro was established to study the potential of in vitro hairy root cultures for the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals (Ni and Zn) for their growth and biomass from an aquatic environment. At elevated concentrations of Ni and Zn metals, hairy roots showed an exponential growth and accumulation. In lower concentrations, Zn might have no effect on growth of root biomass and also found to be it caused no dramatic decrease in root growth even they are accumulated. At higher concentrations of Zn, B. Juncea hairy roots was not only found to be tolerent to Zn and also had capacity to increase their root biomass and no growth retardation was seen. All concentrations of Ni showed a drastic change in root biomass growth irrespective of the duration of incubation periods. Ni in higher concentrations caused an exponential increase in root biomass growth and Ni showed no toxicity symptoms in hairy roots even at higher concentrations for longer time upto 8 weeks of our study period and Ni was found to be an essential micronutrient for the growth of hairy root biomass. From this study, it was cleared and concluded that hairy roots of in vitro grown hyperaccumulator plant culture system could be the useful and effective model (as it needs metals for their root biomass growth) to study the metal uptake and accumulation from an aquatic environments

<i style="">In vitro </i>propagation of <i style="">Justicia gendarussa </i>Burm. f.–A medicinal plant

246-248An efficient protocol for in vitro propagation of Justicia gendarussa Burm. f. has been developed. MS medium supplemented with NAA induced prolific callus in both leaf and nodal explants. Organogenic and chlorophyllous calli were produced at lower concentrations of NAA (1.0 mg L‑1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). Thick and long roots with numerous root hairs were produced with NAA (1.0 mg L-1) and BAP (0.1 mg L-1). Long shoots were also formed. Of the in vitro grown 120 plantlets transferred to the field 94% survived after 2 months of transplantation to natural environment