Off Resonant Pumping for Transition from Continuous to Discrete Spectrum and Quantum Revivals in Systems in Coherent States

We show that in parametrically driven systems and, more generally, in systems in coherent states, off-resonant pumping can cause a transition from a continuum energy spectrum of the system to a discrete one, and result in quantum revivals of the initial state. The mechanism responsible for quantum revivals in the present case is different from that in the non-linear wavepacket dynamics of systems such as Rydberg atoms. We interpret the reported phenomena as an optical analog of Bloch oscillations realized in Fock space and propose a feasible scheme for inducing Bloch oscillations in trapped ions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, submitted to Jnl. of Optics

Oxygen Activity Dependence Of The Electrical Conductivity Of Li‐Doped Cr2O3

The electrical conductivity of Li‐doped Cr2O3 was investigated as a function of PO2, temperature, and dopant content. Results show that the electrical conductivity remains almost unchanged with decreasing P O2 in the high‐P O2 region but decreases rapidly at low P O2. A second phase was found in samples which contained more than 0.85 mol% Li. The results are explained by a model in which the concentration of charge carriers is dependent on the acceptor dopant and oxygen vacancy concentration. Copyright © 1984, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve

Cytokine cascade in dengue hemorrhagic fever: implications for pathogenesis

Dengue virus produces a mild acute febrile illness, dengue fever (DF) and a severe illness, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). The characteristic feature of DHF is increased capillary permeability leading to extensive plasma leakage in serous cavities resulting in shock. The pathogenesis of DHF is not fully understood. This paper presents a cascade of cytokines, that in our view, may lead to DHF. The main feature is the early generation of a unique cytokine, human cytotoxic factor (hCF) that initiates a series of events leading to a shift from Th1-type response in mild illness to a Th2-type response resulting in severe DHF. The shift from Th1 to Th2 is regulated by the relative levels of interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10 and between IL-12 and transforming growth factor-β , which showed an inverse relationship in patients with DF

Elevated levels of interleukin-13 and IL-18 in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever

Interleukin (IL)-13 is produced by T helper 2 (Th2)-type cells and inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines by activated monocytes, while IL-18 is a pleiotropic cytokine that induces interferon-γ and plays an important role in the development of Th1-type cells. Role of the shift from a Th1-type response to Th2-type has been suggested in the pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). This study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective/pathogenic role of IL-13 and IL-18 in patients with DHF. Sera were collected from a total of 84 patients with various grades of dengue illness and 21 normal healthy controls and tested for IL-13 and IL-18 levels using commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The results showed that very low levels of IL-13 (4± 3 pg ml-1) and IL-18 (15± 4 pg ml-1) were detected in the sera of healthy controls. In dengue patients, the levels of IL-13 and IL-18 were the highest in the patients with DHF grade IV (205± 103 pg ml-1 and 366± 155 pg ml-1, respectively) and the lowest in patients with dengue fever (22± 12 pg ml-1 and 76± 50 pg ml-1, respectively). Both the cytokines appeared (IL-13=20± 11 pg ml-1 and IL-18=70± 45 pg ml-1) during the first 4 days of illness and reached peak levels (IL-13=204± 96 pg ml-1 and IL-18=360± 148 pg ml-1) by day 9 onwards. The presence of high levels of IL-13 and IL-18 during severe illness and late phases of the disease suggests that both of these cytokines may contribute to the shift from a Th1- to Th2-type response and thus to the pathogenesis of DHF

Cytotoxic factor-autoantibodies: possible role in the pathogenesis of dengue haemorrhagic fever

During dengue virus infection a unique cytokine, cytotoxic factor (hCF), is produced that is pathogenesis-related and plays a key role in the development of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). However, what regulates the adverse effects of hCF is not known. We have previously shown that anti-hCF antibodies raised in mice, neutralise the pathogenic effects of hCF. In this study we have investigated the presence and levels of hCF-autoantibodies in sera of patients with various severity of dengue illness (n=136) and normal healthy controls (n=50). The highest levels of hCF-autoantibodies (mean± S.D.=36± 20 U ml-1) were seen in patients with mild illness, the dengue fever (DF), and 48 out of 50 (96%) of the sera were positive. On the other hand the hCF-autoantibody levels declined sharply with the development of DHF and the levels were lowest in patients with DHF grade IV (mean ± S.D.=5± 2 U ml-1; P=<0.001 as compared to DF). Only one of the 13 DHF grade IV patients had an antibody level above the 'cut-off' value (mean plus 3 S.D. of the control sera). The analysis of data with respect to different days of illness further showed that the highest levels of hCF-autoantibodies were present in DF patients at >9 days of illness. Moreover, the DF patients at all time points, i.e. 1-4, 5-8 and >9 days of illness had significantly higher levels of hCF-autoantibodies (P<0.001) than patients with DHF grade I, II, III and IV. In addition DHF grade I and grade II patients had significantly more positive specimens than DHF grade III and grade IV patients at all time points. These results suggest that elevated levels of hCF-autoantibodies protect the patients against the development of severe forms of DHF and, therefore, it may be useful as a prognostic indicator

Resolvent modelling of jet noise: the need for forcing models

The singular value decomposition of the mean-flow-based resolvent operator, or resolvent analysis, has proven to provide essential insights into the dynamics of various turbulent flows. In this study, we perform a resolvent analysis of a compressible turbulent jet, where the optimisation domain of the response modes is located in the acoustic field, excluding the hydrodynamic region, in order to promote acoustically efficient modes. We examine the properties of the acoustic resolvent and assess its potential for jet-noise modelling, focusing on the subsonic regime. We compare resolvent modes with SPOD modes educed from LES data. Resolvent forcing modes, consistent with previous studies, are found to contain supersonic waves associated with Mach wave radiation in the response modes. This differs from the standard resolvent in which hydrodynamic instabilities dominate. Acoustic resolvent response modes generally have better alignment with acoustic SPOD modes than standard resolvent response modes. For the optimal mode, the angle of the acoustic beam is close to that found in SPOD modes for moderate frequencies. However, there is no significant separation between the singular values of the leading and sub-optimal modes. Some suboptimal modes are furthermore shown to contain irrelevant structure for jet noise. Thus, even though it contains essential acoustic features absent from the standard resolvent approach, the SVD of the acoustic resolvent alone is insufficient to educe a low-rank model for jet noise. But because it identifies the prevailing mechanisms of jet noise, it provides valuable guidelines in the search of a forcing model (Karban $\textit{et al.}$ 2022, An empirical model of noise sources in subsonic jets. arXiv preprint arXiv:2210.01866).Comment: 24 pages, 20 figure

Entanglement by linear SU(2) transformations: generation and evolution of quantum vortex states

We consider the evolution of a two-mode system of bosons under the action of a Hamiltonian that generates linear SU(2) transformations. The Hamiltonian is generic in that it represents a host of entanglement mechanisms, which can thus be treated in a unified way. We start by solving the quantum dynamics analytically when the system is initially in a Fock state. We show how the two modes get entangled by evolution to produce a coherent superposition of vortex states in general, and a single vortex state under certain conditions. The degree of entanglement between the modes is measured by finding the explicit analytical dependence of the Von Neumann entropy on the system parameters. The reduced state of each mode is analyzed by means of its correlation function and spatial coherence function. Remarkably, our analysis is shown to be equally as valid for a variety of initial states that can be prepared from a two-mode Fock state via a unitary transformation and for which the results can be obtained by mere inspection of the corresponding results for an initial Fock state. As an example, we consider a quantum vortex as the initial state and also find conditions for its revival and charge conjugation. While studying the evolution of the initial vortex state, we have encountered and explained an interesting situation in which the entropy of the system does not evolve whereas its wave function does. Although the modal concept has been used throughout the paper, it is important to note that the theory is equally applicable for a two-particle system in which each particle is represented by its bosonic creation and annihilation operators.Comment: 6 figure

Oxygen Activity Dependence Of The Defect Structure Of La-doped BaTiO3

A model for the behavior of donor doped BaTiO3 as a function of oxygen activity is proposed. Thermogravimetric measurements show good agreement with the proposed model. The results show that donor-doped BaTiO3 is stoichiometric with electronic compensation of the donor at low oxygen activity, but with increasing oxygen activity, compensation becomes ionic as excess oxygen is absorbed. The possible compensation mechanisms are discussed. © 1984 Chapman and Hall Ltd

Oxidation-reduction Behaviour Of La-doped SrTiO3

Thermogravimetric measurements as a function of oxygen activity were performed in the temperature range of 1200 to 1400° C on a series of lanthanum SrTiO3 compounds. A model which assumes the absorption of excess oxygen in the structure which compensates the donors by formation of cationic defects is postulated. Comparison of this model with the experimental results show reasonable agreement. © 1984 Chapman and Hall Ltd

Defect Structure Of Mg‐Doped LaCrO3 Model And Thermogravimetric Measurements

Chemical stability and cation stoichiometry determine the applicability of LaCrO3 as a high‐temperature oxide electrode. A model for the behavior of acceptor‐doped LaCrO3, as a function of oxygen activity is proposed. The model is in agreement with experimental data on Mg‐doped LaCrO3. Stability regimes and compensation mechanisms at various oxygen activities and temperature are presented. Copyright © 1984, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserve