Reducción del impacto ambiental en el consumo de aceite de oliva

día de hoy hay pocos conceptos tan relevantes como la sostenibilidad. Este concepto se basa en el desarrollo de satisfacer las necesidades del presente sin comprometer las necesidades de las generaciones futuras. Y cuando se habla de sostenibilidad, hay que tener en cuenta el aspecto social, medioambiental y económico. Este trabajo analiza el Sistema Integrado de Gestión de residuos plásticos, con la finalidad de conocer el destino de los envases del aceite de oliva producidos y consumidos en España. Este sistema está dirigido por Ecoembes y parte de las empresas de gran consumo, del sector materias primas, comercio o distribución. Es un sistema que compromete la sostenibilidad en los tres niveles. Debido a que recoge la mayoría de los residuos mezclados y no se ocupa de ellos al completo, sino que utiliza la exportación ilegal de estos a países asiáticos. Europa está propulsando un cambio para disminuir la contaminación concretamente de este residuo a través de un Sistema de Depósito, Devolución y Retorno. Pero en España, Ecoembes ha iniciado una alternativa que no cumple la Responsabilidad Ampliada de Productor, y que además no es capaz de cumplir los objetivos marcados por la Ley de Envases y Residuos de Envases reformada en 2020. El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido analizar la gestión de los envases plásticos en la comunidad de Navarra de tal manera que se pudiesen determinar los porcentajes reales de los destinos finales. Siguiendo con la aportación de la Unión Europea, se han analizado las alternativas al sistema actual generando una opinión objetiva sobre su instalación en España. Para justificar económica y ambientalmente el cambio del sistema, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis numérico del ciclo de vida de los distintos destinos (vertedero, incineración, reciclaje, reutilización y exportación) en el que se ha tenido en cuenta su potencial EOL.Nowadays, there are few concepts as relevant as sustainability. This concept is based on the development of meeting the present needs without compromising the needs of future generations. When we talk about sustainability we must consider the social, environmental and economic aspects. This paper analyzes the Integrated Plastic Waste Management System in order to know the destination of the olive oil bottles that are produced and consumed in Spain. This system is managed by Ecoembes and part of the FMCG companies from the raw materials, trade or distribution sector. It is a system that engages to sustainability at three levels, because it collects most of the waste mixed. It does not deal with it completely due to illegal export production of waste to Asian countries. Europe is pushing for a change to reduce pollution specifically from this waste through a Deposit-refund System. However in Spain, Ecoembes has launched an initiative that does not fulfil the Extended Producer Responsibility and is not able to achive the objectives set by the law on Packaging and Packaging Waste reformed in 2020. The aim of this paper is to analyse the management of plastic packaging in the community of Navarra in order to be able to identify the actual percentages of the final destinations. In line with EU measures, the alternatives to the current system have been analysed to help generate an objective opinion on its introduction in Spain. In order to justify the change of the current system in an economically and environmentally way, a numerical analysis of the life cycle of the different destinations has taken place. This analysis has consider their End Of Life potential.Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables::12.4 - Per a 2020, aconseguir la gestió ecològicament racional dels productes químics i de tots els residus al llarg del seu cicle de vida, de conformitat amb els marcs internacionals convinguts, i reduir-ne de manera significativa l’alliberament a l’atmosfera, a l’aigua i al sòl a fi de minimitzar-ne els efectes adversos sobre la salut humana i el medi ambientObjectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables::12.5 - Per a 2030, disminuir de manera substancial la generació de residus mitjançant polítiques de prevenció, reducció, reciclatge i reutilitzaci

DESIGNING NEW BIOMATERIALS: Modifying a Spider Silk Gene For Efficient Bacterial Expression for Industrial Production

Spider silks have remarkable physical properties due to a combination of strength and elasticity. In addition, spider silks are biocompatible and biodegradable. Our laboratory has shown that the strength of products, such as fibers, produced with other silk proteins correlates with the size of the silk protein. The aciniform silk protein (AcSp1), has been shown to produce the thinnest and strongest fibers of all the natural spider silks. Aciniform silk is composed of a nonrepetitive amino-terminal region, 14 repeats of approximately 200 amino acids each, and a nonrepetitive carboxy-terminal region. We have been able to produce different variants of this gene. All AcSp1 protein variants were able to express in E. coli. The bacteria expression of the AcSp1 protein is low and the protein is expressed not only as a full length polypeptide but also as fragments of the protein. We identified a sequence in the amino-terminal region of the first repeat of the AcSp1 gene that acts as an early termination sequence. Our objective is to modify this region on the gene to study changes in the expression efficiency of AcSp1

From Spider to Silk: Constructions of Synthetic Genes of the Acinoform Spider Silk Protein (AcSp1)

Spider silks have remarkable physical properties due to a combination of strength and elasticity. In addition, spider silks are biocompatible and biodegradable. Our laboratory has shown that the strength products, such as fibers, produced with other silk proteins correlates with the size of the silk protein. The aciniform silk (AcSp1), has been shown to produce the thinnest and strongest fibers of all the natural spider silks. Aciniform silk is composed of a nonrepetitive amino-terminal region, 14 repeats of approximately 200 amino acids each, and a nonrepetitive carboxy-terminal region. We have been able to produce different versions of these genes encoding for 8, 10, 12, and 14 repeats. In addition, we were able to express these large proteins in E. coli

Functional Expression of Spider Neurotoxic Peptide Huwentoxin-I in E. coli

The coding sequence of huwentoxin-I, a neurotoxic peptide isolated from the venom of the Chinese spider Ornithoctonus huwena, was amplified by PCR using the cDNA library constructed from the spider venom glands. The cloned fragment was inserted into the expression vector pET-40b and transformed into the E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). The expression of a soluble fusion protein, disulfide interchange protein (DsbC)-huwentoxin-I, was auto-induced in the periplasm of E. coli in the absence of IPTG. After partial purification using a Ni-NTA column, the expressed fusion protein was digested using enterokinase to release heteroexpressed huwentoxin-I and was further purified using RP-HPLC. The resulting peptide was subjected to gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry analysis. The molecular weight of the heteroexpressed huwentoxin-I was 3750.69, which is identical to that of the natural form of the peptide isolated from spider venom. The physiological properties of the heteroexpressed huwentoxin-I were further analyzed using a whole-cell patch clamp assay. The heteroexpressed huwentoxin-I was able to block currents generated by human Nav1.7 at an IC50 of 640 nmole/L, similar to that of the natural huwentoxin-I, which is 630 nmole/L

Los procesos de revisión de textos narrativos en 4º de la ESO

Recientes investigaciones sobre la escritura, basadas en las teorías cognitivas, muestran que escribir es un proceso complejo, en el que se realizan, de manera recursiva, tres actividades: planificación, producción y revisión. Por eso, el profesorado del aula de secundaria se ocupa, cada vez más, de los borradores y no solo del producto final. Tomando como base esta perspectiva, este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar los procesos de revisión individual del alumnado de 4º de la ESO, sin mediación de una intervención didáctica, con los procesos de revisión colaborativa. Con este fin, se han analizado las tres versiones de un texto narrativo entregado por los y las participantes para la investigación y las grabaciones en audio de las interacciones en pareja. A través de los datos extraídos, se ha comprobado que, en todos los casos, ha habido una mejoría a consecuencia de las diferentes revisiones. De todas ellas, se ha visto que las colaborativas, tras una intervención didáctica relacionada con la puntuación, han sido las más eficientes. No obstante, también se ha apreciado que estas revisiones han sido principalmente mecánicas, referidas a la presentación, la ortografía y la puntuación, aunque las conversaciones muestren reflexiones lingüísticas más profundas.Recent research on writing, based on cognitive theories, shows that writing is a complex process, in which three activities are carried out recursively: planning, production and revision. For this reason, teachers in the secondary classroom are increasingly concerned with drafts and not only with the final product. Based on this perspective, the aim of this paper is to compare the individual revision processes of 4th ESO students, without the mediation of a didactic intervention, with collaborative revision processes. To this end, the three versions of a narrative text submitted by the participants for the research and the audio recordings of the interactions in pairs have been analysed. Through the data extracted, it was found that, in all cases, there was an improvement as a result of the different revisions. Of all of them, it has been seen that the collaborative ones, after a didactic intervention related to punctuation, have been the most efficient. However, it has also been observed that these revisions have been mainly mechanical, referring to presentation, spelling and punctuation, although the conversations show deeper linguistic reflections.Máster Universitario en Profesorado de Educación Secundaria por la Universidad Pública de NavarraBigarren Hezkuntzako Irakasletzako Unibertsitate Masterra Nafarroako Unibertsitate Publikoa