Data on fluoride concentration and health risk assessment of drinking water in Khorasan Razavi province, Iran

While fluoride (F) is an essential anion to keep the human body healthy, high F intake could lead to serious health problems. The monitoring of F in drinking water as the main route of F intake, is a key factor in preventing its negative health consequences. Here, we present the F levels in drinking water distribution networks of Khorasan Razavi province in Iran which collected during 2016–2017. The non-cancer human risk attributed to F in municipal and rural regions, also, estimated by calculating the chronic daily intake (CDI) and hazard quotient (HQ) for adults and children. Samples taken from drinking water distribution network in 112 different locations across the Khorasan Razavi and the F concentration determined using standard SPADNS Method. Having a minimum of 0.09 and 0.16 and a maximum of 1.7 and 1.1 mg L−1, the mean F level in municipal and rural samples were 0.74 and 0.59 mg L−1, respectively. The mean CDI values for F in municipal samples were 1.3×10−2, 3.34×10−4, and 8.56×10−6 mg kg−1day−1, for men, women, and children, respectively. The CDI for rural samples were 1.51×10−2, 3.88×10−4, and 9.96×10−6 mg kg−1day−1, for men, women, and children, respectively. The mean HQ of F for men, women, and children in municipal and rural samples were 2.17×10−1, 5.56×10−3, and 1.43×10−4, and 2.44×10−1, 6.26×10−3 and 1.61×10−4, respectively. Locations with a HQ>1, needs appropriate strategies for reducing the F level in drinking water to prevent the potential health risks. Keywords: Fluoride, Health risk assessment, Drinking water, Khorasan Razav

Heavy metals analysis and quality assessment in drinking water – Khorramabad city, Iran

Continuous monitoring of drinking water quality is essential in terms of heavy metals and toxic substances. The general objective of this study were to determine the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water of Khorramabad city and to determine the water quality indices (The heavy metal pollution index and heavy metal evaluation index). According to the city map, 45 points were selected for drinking water sampling through the city distribution system. The results of this study showed that the average concentration of heavy metals such as Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu were 47.01 μg/l, 3.2 μg/l, 0.42 μg/l, 5.08 μg/l, and 6.79 μg/l, respectively. The HPI and HEI (water quality indices) for Zn, Pb, Cd, Cr, and Cu were 46.58, 46.58, respectively. According to the indices, the city drinking water quality is good in terms of heavy metals. Keywords: Drinking water quality, Heavy metals, Monitoring, Khorramabad cit

Data on nitrate and nitrate of Taham dam in Zanjan (Iran)

In recent years, contamination of water resources, with pollutants such as nitrate and nitrite, has significantly increased. These compounds can have harmful effects on human health, especially children such as methemoglobinemia. The main objective of this study was to measure the concentration of nitrate and nitrite and its health-risk assessment in the rivers entering Taham dam in Zanjan. USEPA Method was used to assess the health-risk of nitrate and nitrite. According to the obtained results, the concentration of nitrate and nitrite was in the range of 0.51–14.93 mg/l and 0.001–0.061 mg/l, respectively. According to the results, the mean of the CDI for nitrate and nitrite was 9.52*10−2 and 3.63*10−4 mg/kg/day, respectively. Furthermore, the mean HI for nitrate and nitrite was 5.97*10−2 and 3.63*10−3, respectively. The concentration of nitrate and nitrite in rivers was lower than the WHO and Iran guidelines. Based on the results, the HI value in all samples was less than 1 which indicating the non-carcinogenic effects of nitrate and nitrite in these rivers. Keywords: Nitrate, Nitrite, Water quality, Da

Data on the fluoride adsorption from aqueous solutions by metal-organic frameworks (ZIF-8 and Uio-66)

The variables examined were initial fluoride concentration, ZIF-8 and Uio-66 dosage, pH, and contact time. The residual concentration of fluoride was measured by a spectrophotometer. According to BET, the specific surface area of the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was 1050 m2/g and 800 m2/g, respectively. Total pore volume and average pore diameter of the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 were 0.57 cm3/g, 0.45 cm3/g and 4.5 nm, 3.2 nm, respectively. The best pH for fluoride adsorption was neutral conditions. By increasing the ZIF-8 and Uio-66 dose, the fluoride uptake increased at first, but then decreased. Also, the maximum adsorption for ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was observed in adsorbent dose 0.2 and 0.6 g/L, respectively. The best model for describing kinetic and isotherms of fluoride adsorption were the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm model, respectively. Based on the Langmuir model, the adsorption capacity of fluoride by ZIF-8 and Uio-66 was reported to be 25 mg/g and 20 mg/g, respectively. Keywords: Fluoride, Aqueous solution, Adsorption, Metal-organic framewor

Data on the alizarin red S adsorption from aqueous solutions on PAC, treated PAC, and PAC/γ≈Fe2O3

Three types of adsorbents of powdered activated carbon (PAC), treated PAC, and PAC/γ ≈ Fe2O3 nanocomposite were used. The adsorption experiments were performed in batch conditions. pHZPC of PAC/γ ≈ Fe2O3 was 6.7. As a result, at lower than pHZPC, acidic pH, the adsorption of alizarin red S on PAC/γ ≈ Fe2O3 was favourable. The maximum of alizarin red S adsorption of PAC, treated PAC, and PAC/γ ≈ Fe2O3 was 24.5 mg/g, 57.8 mg/g, and 112.56 mg/g, respectively. The models of Langmuir and pseudo-first-order were a fit model to describe the adsorption isotherm and the Kinetic, respectively. The PAC/γ ≈ Fe2O3 is a promising class of the adsorbents in the adsorption of various dyes from textile effluents. Keywords: Adsorption, Textile effluents, Dye, Aqueous solutions, Fe2O

Data on phosphorous concentration of rivers feeding into Taham dam in Zanjan, Iran

Due to the great possibility of water contamination of many rivers by human activities in Iran, the study of water quality is crucial for water resource protection and human health. High level of phosphorous is the main reason for eutrophication of freshwater systems. The main aim of this study was to investigate the concentration of phosphorus in the rivers feeding into Taham dam in Zanjan, using GIS software. 40 sampling stations were selected along Taham and Ghalharod Rivers with respect to sewage discharge points and feeding characteristics of water entering to Taham dam. In total, 160 water samples were taken from rivers with regard to precipitation season in two different periods from winter 2014 to spring 2015. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS and ArcView GIS. The findings showed that 15% of the studied stations had phosphorous levels higher than acceptable levels set by EPA. The highest levels of phosphorous contamination were observed in stations No. 145, 154, 155, 161, 166 and 168. The elevated concentrations of phosphorous in the rivers can be responsible for the eutrophication of Taham dam reservoir. Keywords: Eutrophication, Phosphorous, Rivers, Sewage, Season

Health risk assessment of heavy metals on PM2.5 in Tehran air, Iran

The general goal of this study was to measure the concentration of heavy metals on suspended particles and evaluate the health-risk assessment of these metals on human health. In this study, the concentration of heavy metals adsorbed on suspended particles less than 2.5 μm was determined. For determining of health-risk assessment, the developed method of USEPA was used. The health-risk assessment of carcinogen and non- carcinogen of suspended particles were evaluated in three main paths include oral ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact. The average annual concentrations of Al, Fe, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were 1.77, 1.14, 0.03, 0.02, 0.07, 0.15, 0.06, 0.03, 0.1, 0.04, and 0.14 μg/m3, respectively. Between different stations, the order for the heavy metals was followed as urban>traffic>suburban. The average risk of carcinogenic at urban stations in the spring for As, Cd, and Cr was 2.25*10−9, 2.09*10–12, and 2.05*10–11, respectively. Keywords: Air pollution, Health risk assessment, Heavy metals, Tehra

Estimation of health effects (morbidity and mortality) attributed to PM10 and PM2.5 exposure using an Air Quality model in Bukan city, from 2015-2016 exposure using air quality model

Background: Air Quality software is a useful tool for assessing the health risks associated with air pollutants. Quantifying the effects of exposure to air pollutants in terms of public health has become a critical component of policy discussion. The present study purposed to quantify the health effects of particulate matters on mortality and morbidity in a Bukan city hospital from 2015-2016. Methods: Information regarding coordinates, exposed population, number of stations used in profiling, mean and maximum concentrations (annual, winter, and summer), annual 98th percentile, baseline incidence (BI) per 100 000 per year, and relative risk was needed for use with the software. Results: The average particulate matter concentration was higher in summer than in winter. The concentrations of PM10 in summer and winter were 84.37 and 74.86 μg m-3, respectively. The Air Quality model predicted that total mortality rates related to PM10 and PM2.5 were 33.3 and 49.8 deaths, respectively. As a result, 3.79% of the total mortality was due to PM10. In Bukan city, 2.004% of total deaths were due to cardiovascular mortality. The Air Quality model predicted that the deaths of 92.2 people were related to hospital admissions for respiratory disease. Conclusion: The continual evaluation of air quality data is necessary for investigating the effect of pollutants on human health