Experimental investigation and prediction of compresive strength of concrete using soft computing techniques with different additives

High Performance Concrete (HPC) is the latest development in concrete, But HPC not only\ud demands High cement consumption, which pushes the natural resources towards depletion,\ud but also increases C02 emission on a higher extent. In the recent year’s use of Supplementary\ud Cementitious Materials (SCMs) is increased due to environment concerns, conservation of\ud resource & economy because most of them are generally Industrial waste products such as fly\ud ash, GGBS & micro silica. One of the costliest constituent of HPC is ultrafine material such\ud as micro silica, alccofine. In recent years with the advancement in technology ultrafine fly ash\ud is now being produced which is cheaper ultrafine material but, with less literature available on\ud it. In available literature on Ternary blend concrete the level of replacement was restricted up\ud to 30%-35%.\ud In this Experimental Investigation an attempt was made to investigate compressive strength\ud (100MPa) of concrete by replacing Cement on 40%, 45%, 50%, by incorporating P100 fly ash\ud as an ultrafine material and GGBS.\ud Each replacement was further divided into three sub parts (40%F.A-60%GGBS), (45%F.A-\ud 55%GGBS), (50%F.A-50%GGBS). Among which 40% replacement of cement (50%F.a-\ud 50%GGBS) gave maximum strength. Nominal mix was prepared with only OPC with w/c of\ud 0.24.and all other ternary mixes was made on w/c of 0.2 to have an edge when compared with\ud strength of nominal mix.\ud Nowadays, soft computing techniques are used to predict the properties of concrete and hence\ud reduce the experimental work. Thus, a neural network also known as a parallel distributed\ud processing network, is used as computing paradigm that is loosely modeled after structures of\ud the brain. It consists of interconnected processing elements called nodes or neurons that work\ud together to produce an output function.\ud This experimental investigation presents the application of Multiple Linear Regression (MLR)\ud and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) techniques for developing the model to predict the\ud compressive strength of the concrete with SCMs. For this purpose, a systematic laboratory\ud investigation was carried out. The compressive strength was evaluated on various mixes for 3\ud days, 7days, 14 days and 28 days of curing period. The data generated in the lab was used for development of the MLR and ANN model. The data used in the models are arranged in the\ud format of four input parameters that cover the contents of OPC, FA, GGBS and w/c ratio\ud respectively and one dependent variable as compressive strength of concrete for both MLR\ud and ANN. Networks are trained and tested for various combinations input and output data\ud sets.\ud Keywords: High Performance Concrete (HPC), Supplementary Cementitious Materials\ud (SCMs), Fly Ash (FA), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Artificial Neural\ud Network (ANN), Multi Linear Regression (MLR)

Lok Adalat in India

Research about lok adalat in india to settled the dispute quickly or to settled the cases which are long term pending in court, or compoundable in nature.</jats:p

Exergy Analysis of Single-Effect Vapor Absorption System Using Design Parameters

Abstract In the present communication, internal irreversibility at each component of a single-effect vapor absorption refrigeration system has been evaluated and presented. The irreversibility is induced owing to the pressure drop in the shell and tube and energy exchange between the working fluids. Each component of the system is considered to be a shell and tube-type energy exchanger with slight modifications depending upon the applications. Each energy exchanger is divided into three control volumes, namely, tube wall, shell, and tube for which both energy and exergy balances are applied to evaluate the exergy destruction rate (EDR). Moreover, the overall EDR in the energy exchanger is then estimated in the form of pumping work and energy exchange duty. This objective function is further simplified in the form of design parameters such as tube diameter, friction coefficient, number of tubes, number of baffles, and overall heat transfer coefficient for the energy exchanger. In addition to this, optimum generator temperature and minimum EDR of each component of the absorption system have been tabulated and presented. Results show that for a single tube, UA value in the system component ranges from 2.99 W/K to 48.9 W/K depending on the operating conditions and design parameters of the system. Also, the number of tube in the system components ranges from 1108 tubes to 24803 tubes and the number of baffles in the respective components ranges from 2 to 7.</jats:p

Cardiac Surgery in Birgunj: Early Experience

Introduction: Cardio-vascular diseases are growing up in developing countries and they are the leading cause of deaths in the world, especially in low- and middle-income population. Various procedure were included such as open thoracotomy, CABG, Mitral valve repair aortic valve repair, however we aimed to study difficulties in performing cardiac surgery and complication related to cardiac surgery.&#x0D; Material &amp; Methods: This retrospective study was carried out in Department of Surgery of National Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Birgunj, Parsa, Nepal. A total of 18 patients were included over period of 2019 to 2022 in this study.  History and detailed clinical examination was performed as per the working proforma. Data analysis was done using SPSS (Statistical Package for social sciences), version 25.&#x0D; Result: Most of Coronary heart disease was seen in 40-59 years of age group with mean age of 48.2 years. A total of 83% patients were male. Triple vessel disease was the most common diagnosis (38.3% patients). Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) was most common surgery performed. 44.4% of patient develops complication out of which mortality occured in 11.11% of patient.&#x0D; Conclusion: To conclude, elective cardiac surgery is challenge in center like ours. Coronary heart disease (Triple vessels disease) was the most common indication of surgery. </jats:p

Spatial and seasonal variability in the water chemistry of Kabar Tal wetland (Ramsar site), Bihar, India: multivariate statistical techniques and GIS approach

Abstract This study was performed to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of major ions in water samples of a newly designated Ramsar site, namely Kabar Tal (KT) wetland of Bihar. Samples were collected during summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. The analytical and GIS results show that concentration of electrical conductivity, chloride, and nitrate are higher in summer than monsoon and winter. However, the concentration of major cations such as sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium are higher in winter than monsoon and summer. In addition, major anions like sulphate and phosphate concentration is higher during monsoon than summer and winter. Multivariate statistical tool (discriminant analysis) results suggest that temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, sulphate, and potassium are the major parameters distinguishing the water quality in different seasons. The study confirms that seasonal variations are playing a major role in the hydrochemistry of KT wetland. Overall, this work outlines the approach towards proper conservation and utilization of wetlands and to assess the quality of surface water for determining its suitability for agricultural purposes. Overall, this work highlights the approach towards estimating the seasonal dynamics of chemical species in KT wetland and its suitability for irrigation purposes.</jats:p

Comparative Evaluation of BRIX3000 Smart Burs and Conventional Technique of Caries Excavation among 5–9-year-old Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Conventional caries removal procedures often remove healthy tooth structure, and children find them challenging due to the vibrations and noise involved. Therefore, BRIX3000 and Smart Burs (SB) were introduced to preserve healthy tooth structure and reduce discomfort during caries removal. Aim: To evaluate the time consumption, efficacy, and patient satisfaction among 5–9-year-old children during caries removal with BRIX3000, SB, and conventional diamond burs (CDB). Materials and methods: About 54 children diagnosed with class I cavitated carious lesions were included in the study and randomized into three groups: BRIX3000, SB, and CDB. The study evaluated efficiency (working time), efficacy (presence of residual caries confirmed with caries detector dye), and patient satisfaction using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability (FLACC) scale. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0 statistical software. Results: For optimal performance, CDB demonstrated the highest efficiency and efficacy, followed by BRIX3000, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Conversely, SB showed the lowest efficiency and efficacy, which was statistically significant (p p < 0.05). Conclusion: All three treatment modalities removed infected caries effectively; however, BRIX3000 proved to be potentially effective in minimally invasive caries excavation and was more comfortable for children compared to SB and CDB