Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Konseling Menyusui

Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan pemberian ASI di Indonesia adalah dengan memberikan konseling menyusui di pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian perlu dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pelaksanaan konseling menyusui di Kota Jambi dengan mengeksplorasi komponen input, activity, output, dan outcome. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif menggunakan strategi studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan di empat puskesmas Kota Jambi pada bulan Desember 2013 sampai dengan Februari 2014. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan studi dokumen, observasi pelaksanaan konseling menyusui dan sarana prasarana, wawancara mendalam, serta focus group discussion. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komponen input dan activity kurang optimal seperti kurangnya sumber daya manusia, keterbatasan sarana prasarana, belum ada petunjuk teknis pelaksanaan konseling menyusui, belum ada pemantauan pascapelatihan, kurangnya komitmen personal konselor, belum ada penegasan program, serta lemahnya pengawasan. Komponen output masih kurang baik, terlihat pada belum terdapat data jumlah klien yang diberi konseling menyusui dan jumlah monitoring/supervisi. Komponen outcome menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan klien konseling menyusui kurang. Pelaksanaan konseling menyusui di Kota Jambi masih kurang optimal. Terlihat dari komponen input masih kurang memadai, komponen activity belum berjalan optimal, sedangkan komponen output dan komponen outcome belum mencapai hasil yang diharapkan.The government's efforts in improving breastfeeding in Indonesia is to provide breastfeeding counseling services in health care especially at primary health care centre. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the implementation of breastfeeding counseling in the City of Jambi by exploring its input, activity, output, and outcomes components. This study was a qualitative research using case study strategy. The study was conducted in four health centers City of Jambi during December 2013 to February 2014. Data were collected through document study, breastfeeding counseling and execution infrastructure observation, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussion. Data analysis includes transcription, reduction, coding, categorizing, themes, and interpretation of research results. The results showed that the component inputs and activity were not done optimally due to a lack of human resources, infrastructure limitations, unavailability of technical guidelines, non-existence of post training monitoring or supervision, lack of counselor's personal commitment, lack of program clarity, as well as poor management and supervision of the health department. Aservice output were not also good as indicated by data unavailability of clients served and none of monitoring has been conducted. Outcome component showed that there were still a lack of client satisfaction and resolved breastfeeding problems after acquiring breastfeeding counseling as an conclusion, implementation of breastfeeding counseling in the City of Jambi is still less than optimal, seen from the input components is still inadequate, activity components are not yet optimal, while the outputs and outcomes components not achieving the expected

Kajian Ekspresi Bangunan Eiger Adventure Store Jl. Sumatera Bandung Ditinjau dari Eksterior dan Interior Bangunan

In designing a building, exterior and interior design have a very important role. Exterior and interior design of a building can show an expression to be conveyed by the building. Expression of the building design which is conveyed cannot be separated from the exterior and interior of the building itself. A building, such as mall building, should be able to express the things associated with the items to be sold. The building used as study material in this paper is “Eiger Adventure Store” building which is located at Jl Sumatra, Bandung. This building was chosen by considering the fact that the expression of this building appears to match the products they are selling which are every objects associated with adventure. In other words, an expression that is tried to deliver by this building is related to an adventure. It can be seen from the use of the tent roof that gives the sense of a mountain, which depicts Mount Eiger in Switzerland. And also, the use of natural materials such as wood and stone is very dominant in this building façade

High risk behavior for HIV transmission among former injecting drug users: a survey from Indonesia

Contains fulltext : 88347.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)BACKGROUND: Injecting drug use is an increasingly important cause of HIV transmission in most countries worldwide, especially in eastern Europe, South America, and east and southeast Asia. Among people actively injecting drugs, provision of clean needles and opioid substitution reduce HIV-transmission. However, former injecting drug users (fIDUs) are often overlooked as a high risk group for HIV transmission. We compared HIV risk behavior among current and former injecting drug users (IDUs) in Indonesia, which has a rapidly growing HIV-epidemic largely driven by injecting drug use. METHODS: Current and former IDUs were recruited by respondent driven sampling in an urban setting in Java, and interviewed regarding drug use and HIV risk behavior using the European Addiction Severity Index and the Blood Borne Virus Transmission Questionnaire. Drug use and HIV transmission risk behavior were compared between current IDUs and former IDUs, using the Mann-Whitney and Pearson Chi-square test. RESULTS: Ninety-two out of 210 participants (44%) were self reported former IDUs. Risk behavior related to sex, tattooing or piercing was common among current as well as former IDUs, 13% of former IDUs were still exposed to contaminated injecting equipment. HIV-infection was high among former (66%) and current (60%) IDUs. CONCLUSION: Former IDUs may contribute significantly to the HIV-epidemic in Indonesia, and HIV-prevention should therefore also target this group, addressing sexual and other risk behavior

“No good man will ever want me”. How structural social inequality increases women’s vulnerability to HIV transmission: a qualitative study from Bandung, Indonesia

Understanding the pathways that expose women to HIV transmission are vital in improving HIV prevention, especially among a “hidden” group of women without pre-established known risk for HIV. We investigated the pathways which place certain women at greater risk for HIV in a qualitative exploratory study with theoretical sampling using an emergent theory study design in an urban setting in Indonesia. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 47 HIV-infected women, one focus group discussion with five young women who occassionally engage in sex work, participant observation at six sex work venues and two midwife clinics, and 11 informal interviews with midwives, nurses, and obstetricians. Our research found that many women not characterized as belonging to a “high-risk group” or “key population” were nevertheless at increased risk for HIV. A history of sexual abuse, premarital sex, divorce, or involvement in sex work, often precipitated by poverty coupled with discriminatory public health policies further heightened women’s exposure to HIV. While reaching at-risk populations is a key strategy in HIV prevention, a novel and more tailored approach is needed to reach more hidden categories of women with less apparent risk behavior yet considerable risk for HIV infection

Costs of hospital-based methadone maintenance treatment in HIV/AIDS control among injecting drug users in Indonesia.

Contains fulltext : 87302.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access)OBJECTIVE: To assess the cost of hospital-based methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) for injecting drug users (IDUs) in Bandung, Indonesia; to address concerns of financial sustainability at the hospital level and financial accessibility and economic attractiveness at the health care policy level. METHODS: In a 1 year observation period in 2006-2007, MMT service delivery costs were estimated on the basis of a micro-costing approach. Patient costs were estimated on the basis of a survey among 48 methadone clients. RESULTS: A total number of 129 clients attended the MMT clinic, resulting in a total of 16,335 client visits. Total annual societal costs of running the MMT clinic equalled Rp 1130 mln (US$123,672), or Rp 69,206 (US$7.57) per client visit. Of total costs, patient costs established the largest share (65%), followed by that of central government (20%), and the hospital (15%). Present consultation tariffs already cover hospital costs and the patient costs of accessing MMT services constitute almost 70% of their income. CONCLUSION: Under current circumstances, MMT services are financially sustainable to the hospital. MMT services are subsidized by the central government, and this is warranted considering the important role of the program in HIV/AIDS among IDUs. Still, the present user fee seems a barrier to utilization, and a higher level of subsidy might be justified to reduce the cost to the patient.1 april 201