Analysis of Negligence in field of Neonatology in Medical Commissions Office in Tehran, Iran

Background: Despite progression of medical’s science, patient’s complaints are increased. Analysis of risk factors cause to decrease complaints.Methods: This research is a retrospective study of medical malpractice cases in neonates’ from 2012 to2014 in Medical Commissions Office in Tehran province.Results: Among 171 cases were studied, 53 cases were in neonatal period. 30.1% was announced medical malpractice. Ages of most infants were 0-10 days (88.6%), 66% of babies were male, 69.8% had full-term gestation, 62.2% APGAR (Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration) score of neonates was above 7 and 73.5% of cases were the first child of the family. Most babies had cerebral palsy and asphyxia (20.7%), then respiratory distress syndrome (11.3%), furthermore shoulders dystocia and brachial plexus damage (7.5%). Ages of most plaintiffs (parents of neonates) were 30-39 years. Most of them were male, and their levels of education were high school and lower. The most cause of parent’s claim was medical mistake.Conclusion: Levels of parents’ education may relationship with complaints and increasing their awareness can effect to decrease these

The importance of small non-coding RNAs in human reproduction: A review article

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression through the translational suppression and control of post-transcriptional modifications. Aim: Previous studies demonstrated that miRNAs conduct the pathways involved in human reproduction including maintenance of primordial germ cells (PGCs), spermatogenesis, oocyte maturation, folliculogenesis and corpus luteum function. The association of miRNA expression with infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure (POF), and repeated implantation failure (RIF) was previously revealed. Furthermore, there are evidences of the importance of miRNAs in embryonic development and implantation. Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and miRNAs play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulatory processes of germ cells. Indeed, the investigation of small RNAs including miRNAs and piRNAs increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in fertility. In this review, the current knowledge of microRNAs in embryogenesis and fertility is discussed. Conclusion: Further research is necessary to provide new insights into the application of small RNAs in the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches to infertility