Évaluation de différents sels et mélanges de sels pour lutter contre "Pseudomonas cichorii" dans la laitue

Ce projet avait pour objectif d’évaluer l’efficacité de certains sels utilisés comme agents de conservation dans l’industrie agroalimentaire et pharmaceutique pour lutter contre la maladie des taches et des nervures noires de la laitue (Lactuca sativa), causée par la bactérie Pseudomonas cichorii. L’étude a permis 1) de déterminer les concentrations minimales inhibitrices (MICs) des sels et de mélanges de ces sels envers des souches virulentes de P. cichorii et 2) d’évaluer l’effet de ces sels et mélanges de sels, appliqués à des concentrations avoisinant les MICs, sur le développement de la maladie. Les résultats obtenus montrent une réduction significative, bien que partielle et variable, de la gravité des symptômes de maladie suite à l’application de NaHCO3 (160 mM), de AlCl3 (4 mM) et des mélanges Na2S2O5 + CaCl2 (12 mM), Na2S2O5 + AlCl3 (4 mM) et Na2S2O5 + NaHCO3 (125 mM). À la lumière des résultats obtenus, il est clair que les sels testés dans le cadre de cette étude ne permettent pas une réduction suffisamment marquée de la maladie pour envisager la commercialisation des plants. On ne peut toutefois exclure la possibilité que ces sels puissent permettre une réduction suffisante de la maladie des taches et des nervures noires lorsqu’utilisés avec des méthodes complémentaires de lutte dans un programme de lutte intégrée

Developmental role of macrophages modeled in human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal tissue

Summary: Macrophages populate the embryo early in gestation, but their role in development is not well defined. In particular, specification and function of macrophages in intestinal development remain little explored. To study this event in the human developmental context, we derived and combined human intestinal organoid and macrophages from pluripotent stem cells. Macrophages migrate into the organoid, proliferate, and occupy the emerging microanatomical niches of epithelial crypts and ganglia. They also acquire a transcriptomic profile similar to that of fetal intestinal macrophages and display tissue macrophage behaviors, such as recruitment to tissue injury. Using this model, we show that macrophages reduce glycolysis in mesenchymal cells and limit tissue growth without affecting tissue architecture, in contrast to the pro-growth effect of enteric neurons. In short, we engineered an intestinal tissue model populated with macrophages, and we suggest that resident macrophages contribute to the regulation of metabolism and growth of the developing intestine

Developmental role of macrophages modeled in human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal tissue

Macrophages populate the embryo early in gestation, but their role in development is not well defined. In particular, specification and function of macrophages in intestinal development remain little explored. To study this event in the human developmental context, we derived and combined human intestinal organoid and macrophages from pluripotent stem cells. Macrophages migrate into the organoid, proliferate, and occupy the emerging microanatomical niches of epithelial crypts and ganglia. They also acquire a transcriptomic profile similar to that of fetal intestinal macrophages and display tissue macrophage behaviors, such as recruitment to tissue injury. Using this model, we show that macrophages reduce glycolysis in mesenchymal cells and limit tissue growth without affecting tissue architecture, in contrast to the pro-growth effect of enteric neurons. In short, we engineered an intestinal tissue model populated with macrophages, and we suggest that resident macrophages contribute to the regulation of metabolism and growth of the developing intestine