Evaluación como testigo y no como castigo: pedagogía inclusiva en el programa de Fisioterapia de la Fundación Universitaria del Área Andina

El siguiente artículo plantea la evaluación como agente formador dentro de un proceso de inclusión en una asignatura de contenidos diseñados para personas sin ninguna alteración física con un enfoque conductista. Cuando en el aula se encuentra un agente que, por su sola presencia ya representa una necesidad de cambio se debe estar en capacidad de producirlo. Durante este artículo se hablará de cómo se adaptó la pedagogía, la evaluación, la didáctica y los contenidos para responder a las necesidades específicas del sujeto que aprende a quién se le aplicó una evaluación que permitiera evidenciar su cambio y evolución durante su paso por el módulo de técnicas manuales. Todo esto fue posible gracias a la articulación de diferentes teóricos disciplinares como Kaltenborn y Mulligan con teorías propias de la pedagogía como el pensamiento complejo, el aprendizaje basado en problemas, el constructivismo y la evaluación formativa

Valoración del estado nutricional por antropometría y bioimpedancia en el ámbito de la fisioterapia

La valoración de la composición corporal es relevante para determinar el riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas como también en el seguimiento de adaptaciones morfológicas en fisioterapia deportiva. Lamentablemente, este tipo de valoración se centra especialmente en la determinación de medidas sencillas como el índice de masa corporal (IMC) que ofrece información limitada del estado nutricional. Sin embargo, la implementación de otras herramientas permite un mejor acercamiento a la composición corporal, razón por la cual se han creado metodologías como la bioimpedancia eléctrica y la antropometría que son de bajo costo y fáciles de usar, pero requieren de protocolos de medición precisos con un óptimo manejo de los instrumentos de medición. En este sentido, esta revisión narrativa pretende aportar un marco metodológico para la realización de estas mediciones en la práctica clínica y deportiva para el fisioterapeuta

Frecuencia y prevalencia del síndrome metabólico en mujeres de 20 a 45 años físicamente activas

Material y métodos: Diseño no experimental, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Un total de 56 mujeres adultas entre los 20 y 45 años participaron de este estudio. Se midió el peso, la talla, el perímetro abdominal y el índice de masa corporal. Adicionalmente, se midió la glucemia, colesterol total, colesterol-LDL, colesterol-HDL y triglicéridos. Así mismo, se tomó la presión arterial sistólica (PAS) y diastólica (PAD). Resultados: Las variables en las que se observaron valores por fuera de lo esperado fueron IMC (27,3±4,5 kg/m²), perímetro abdominal (82,1±10,2 cm) y colesterol-HDL (48 mg/dl). De acuerdo con el concepto de la IDF-AHA/NHLBI (2009) el 17,9 % (n = 10) de las participantes presentan síndrome metabólico (SM). Conclusión: La práctica de actividad física que cumple con las recomendaciones de la OMS por sí sola no evita en su totalidad la presentación del SM

Effects of Myofascial Release Using Finding-Oriented Manual Therapy Combined with Foam Roller on Physical Performance in University Athletes. A Randomized Controlled Study

Sport is a science of constant reinvention that is always searching for strategies to improve performance. Objective: This study seeks to compare the effects of myofascial release with Findings-Oriented Orthopedic Manual Therapy (OMT) combined with Foam Roller (FR), versus FR by itself, on the physical performance of university athletes. A randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine university athletes, measuring Range of Motion (ROM), jump height and flight time, strength and dynamic flexibility using Goniometer pro, CMJ protocol in OptoGait, 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) and the Sit and Reach (V) test, correspondingly. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to the initial measurement of the participants under the code NCT05347303. Through a univariate analysis, together with an analysis of independent groups with ANOVA and an analysis of covariance, it was evidenced that OMT combined with FR generated more and better effects in all the evaluated ROM, jump height and flight time, RM and VMP tests. Finally, it was found that OMT combined with FR is better when it is desired to improve ROM, muscle power, strength and flexibility, while FR alone only improves dynamic flexibility

Effects of Myofascial Release Using Finding-Oriented Manual Therapy Combined with Foam Roller on Physical Performance in University Athletes. A Randomized Controlled Study

Sport is a science of constant reinvention that is always searching for strategies to improve performance. Objective: This study seeks to compare the effects of myofascial release with Findings- Oriented Orthopedic Manual Therapy (OMT) combined with Foam Roller (FR), versus FR by itself, on the physical performance of university athletes. A randomized controlled study was conducted with a total of twenty-nine university athletes, measuring Range of Motion (ROM), jump height and flight time, strength and dynamic flexibility using Goniometer pro, CMJ protocol in OptoGait, 1 Repetition Maximum (1RM) and Mean Propulsive Velocity (MPV) and the Sit and Reach (V) test, correspondingly. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov prior to the initial measurement of the participants under the code NCT05347303. Through a univariate analysis, together with an analysis of independent groups with ANOVA and an analysis of covariance, it was evidenced that OMT combined with FR generated more and better effects in all the evaluated ROM, jump height and flight time, RM and VMP tests. Finally, it was found that OMT combined with FR is better when it is desired to improve ROM, muscle power, strength and flexibility, while FR alone only improves dynamic flexibility

Physical condition in firefighters of the municipality of Padilla Cauca: a descriptive study

El trabajo de los bomberos es reconocido por el alto riesgo que representa, así como por la necesidad de que sus integrantes tengan una buena condición física para poder realizar sus labores de una forma óptima. Es así como el objetivo de esta investigación es describir el nivel de las capacidades condicionales y coordinativas en bomberos de Padilla, Cauca. Para ello se estudian 20 bomberos, se utilizó el test de course navette, el test de salto vertical sin impulso, el test de push ups, el test de burpees, el test de velocidad en 10m, el test de Wells, el test del flamenco y el test de Illinois, además se tuvo en cuenta el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) y el índice Cintura Cadera (ICC). A través de estadística descriptiva se encontró que en el course-navette el 39.1% (n = 9) de la población presentó un rendimiento bajo; en el salto vertical los resultados fueron muy bajos 34.8% (n =8), bajo 8.7% (n = 2) y medio 30.4 (n = 7); el test de burpee el 100% (n = 20) obtuvo muy bajo, por último, en la prueba de Illinois solo el 8.6% (n = 2) obtuvo un resultado entre sobre promedio y excelente. Es así como se concluye que el estado físico de los integrantes del cuerpo de bomberos voluntario del municipio de Padilla es bajo a medio, por ello es necesario la implementación de un programa de ejercicio físico estructurado y supervisado por un profesional en ciencias del deporte y la educación física para que de esta forma puedan realizar sus funciones de una forma más adecuada.The work of firefighters is recognized by the high risk it represents, as well as by the need for its members to have a good physical condition to be able to perform their work in an optimal way. Therefore, the objective of this research is to describe the level of conditional and coordinative capacities in firefighters of Padilla, Cauca. For this purpose, 20 firefighters were studied, using the course-navette test, the vertical jump test without impulse, the push-ups test, the burpees test, the 10m speed test, the Wells test, the flamingo test, and the Illinois test, in addition, the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the Waist Hip Index (WHI) were taken into account. Through descriptive statistics it was found that in the course-navette 39.1% (n = 9) of the population presented a low performance, in the vertical jump the results were very low 34.8% (n = 8), low 8.7% (n = 2) and average 30.4 (n = 7), the burpee test 100% (n = 20) obtained very low, finally, in the Illinois test only 8.6% (n = 2) obtained a result between above average and excellent. It is concluded that the physical condition of the members of the volunteer fire department of the municipality of Padilla is low to medium, therefore it is necessary to implement a structured physical exercise program supervised by a professional in sports science and physical education so that they can perform their duties in a more appropriate way.Revista Sapientia. Vol 14, No 27 (2022

Factors Associated with the Level of Physical Activity in Middle-Aged Colombian People during Lockdown in Response to COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study

(1) Background: Due to the pandemic caused by COVID-19, mandatory confinement was declared, which generated a decrease in the practice of physical activity (PA). Based on this problem, it was proposed to study the associations between PA in relation to depressive symptoms, quality of sleep, and the quality of life of middle-aged people who work in the university context during compulsory confinement as a result of COVID-19. (2) Methods: A total of 336 middle-aged people (48 ± 6.67) participated in this analytical cross-sectional study. The variable levels of PA, quality of sleep, symptoms of depression, and quality of life were measured with the International Physical Activity Questionary (IPAQ), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), and the SF-12v2 questionnaire, respectively. (3) Results: A logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationships between the level of PA and depressive symptoms (OR = 2.053), total sleep duration (OR = 0.495), sleep disturbances (OR = 2.414), quality of sleep (OR = 2.471), use of sleep medication (OR = 0.348), daytime dysfunction (OR = 1.809), general health (OR = 0.949), and physical functioning (OR = 0.987). (4) Conclusions: In middle-aged people, during compulsory confinement, being insufficiently active is a risk for depressive symptoms and disturbances in sleep quality

Current Status of the Diagnosis and Management of Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis has been defined as the silent disease of the 21st century, becoming a public health risk due to its severity, chronicity and progression and affecting mainly postmenopausal women and older adults. Osteoporosis is characterized by an imbalance between bone resorption and bone production. It is diagnosed through different methods such as bone densitometry and dual X-rays. The treatment of this pathology focuses on different aspects. On the one hand, pharmacological treatments are characterized by the use of anti-resorptive drugs, as well as emerging regenerative medicine treatments such as cell therapies and the use of bioactive hydrogels. On the other hand, non-pharmacological treatments are associated with lifestyle habits that should be incorporated, such as physical activity, diet and the cessation of harmful habits such as a high consumption of alcohol or smoking. This review seeks to provide an overview of the theoretical basis in relation to bone biology, the existing methods for diagnosis and the treatments of osteoporosis, including the development of new strategies

Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Quality of Life, Mental Health, and Level of Physical Activity in Colombian University Workers: A Longitudinal Study

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a strong influence on people’s quality of life, and the different restrictive measures during the phases of the pandemic have had consequences for physical and mental health. This study determined the changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL), sleep quality, depression symptoms (DS), and physical activity (PA) level of middle-aged Colombian university personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis was performed following a longitudinal design on a sample of 354 people at four points before and during the pandemic. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), the SF-12v2, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) were included in an online survey. The measurements showed a decrease in quality of life with respect to PCS from 91.66 ± 10.78 to 83.64 ± 17.22 (p = 0.000) and MCS from 87.57 ± 12.23 to 80.90 ± 17.31, while poor sleep quality increased from 25.99% to 47.46% (p = 0.000), with DS reaching the peak during mandatory confinement (14.69%). Regarding the level of physical activity, the period of mandatory confinement inverted the proportion, highlighting active people as a minority (32.2%). In the multivariate analysis, we adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and socioeconomic level, discarding confounding effects and their interactions with the results obtained. In conclusion, this study showed that the pandemic has had a negative impact on sleep quality, HRQoL, DS, and PA level

Is Resistance Training an Option to Improve Functionality and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged People with Multiple Sclerosis? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background: Currently, it is essential to adopt physical therapy strategies, such as resistance training, to enhance muscle strength and gait in middle-aged individuals (ages 45–65) suffering from Multiple Sclerosis. This is crucial in combating the typical symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases associated with functional loss. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of resistance training interventions on walking and muscle strength in middle-aged people with Multiple Sclerosis. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted by searching specific keywords in the PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. For inclusion, studies had to incorporate resistance training as a primary or significant component of the overall intervention for middle-aged patients with MS. Out of the 3675 articles identified, 12 randomized clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion in the review, with resistance training being a consistent feature in all of them. Results: Muscle strength and gait were evaluated as the main variables, with fatigue and the quality of life as secondary variables. This review reveals that resistance training significantly improves muscle strength. Resistance training achieves modest and non-significant improvements in gait. Notably, studies combining resistance training with motor control exercises achieve results of greater clinical significance in terms of gait. However, resistance training yields variable positive effects on perceived fatigue and the quality of life. Conclusion: Resistance training is useful for improving muscle strength; however, walking needs to be combined with motor control training