Leadership styles and their outcomes: a study of a Nigerian hospital middle management nurses

Purpose This study was conducted to identify and explore the leadership styles and the leadership outcomes of the middle management nurses in a large tertiary hospital in Ibadan, the capital of Oyo state of Nigeria. This study aims to explore and describe the perception of staff nurses (SNs) about their nurse managers’ (NMs) leadership styles, to investigate the leadership outcomes of NMs as perceived by their SNs and to investigate what are the best predictors of the leadership outcomes among the perceived leadership styles. Design/methodology/approach Thirty-six variables of the MLQ-5X were compressed into the nine psychological constructs, as proposed by Avolio and Bass (2004). Four items of each of the nine sub-scales were combined together, to form the independent variables. The nine items of the leadership outcomes were compressed into three composite variables as: the Leader’s perceived influence as being effective in leading the group variable, it has four items; the Leader’s perceived influence as being satisfactory to the group being led variable, it has two items; and lastly, the Leader’s perceived influence to encourage the staff. Findings When all the three leadership sub-scales were combined as one total leadership outcome, the regression analysis showed that four leadership constructs were the predictors of the leadership outcome, that is, idealized attribute (ß = 0.173, p = 0.011), intellectual stimulation (ß = 0.171, p = 0.016), individualized consideration (ß = 0.240, p = 0.001) and contingent reward (ß = 0.194, p = 0.006). The coefficients and the p-values of the remaining five leadership constructs are as shown in Table 1. Research limitations/implications This study has many limitations. One, the respondents were not randomly sampled, so the results cannot be generalized outside of UCH, Nigeria. It is also a one-time survey. Practical implications Managers who regularly practice transformational leadership (TFL) would be able to encourage their SNs to put in their best for the greater good of the organization. In this study, three sub-scales of the TFL, that is, idealized attribute, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration were found to be strong predictors of leadership outcomes. Leaders who are able to treat their staff with care and concern for the individual, able to mentor, advise, coach and develop their staff are likely to also see improved staff satisfaction and extra effort in staff performance. This is especially necessary in sub-Saharan African countries, including Nigeria. Social implications It is therefore strongly recommended that middle management nurses in UCH should continue to strive and improve on their TFL skills as well as their contingent reward styles of leadership. Vesterinen et al. (2012) said that NMs who can observe their own behaviour and its effects on employees can adjust to a better leadership style. In particular, individualized consideration skills such as coaching, mentoring, advising, developing and showing concern for the individual needs of their staff would encourage SNs to put in extra effort and be more satisfied with their leaders. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is his original research work and it has never been published elsewhere. The whole work was however submitted for a PhD thesis to the University of Salford

Forecasting Effect of Creativity on Entrepreneurial Sustainability

Certain variables are important quest for managers of businesses to achieving high level of success for the benefit of the enterprise. This research investigated creativity as predictor to entrepreneurial success and performance. Creativity strategies needs to be formulated so as to help the entrepreneurs strategize by setting up grand plans that enable them attain competitive advantage in the marketplace. This could be in areas of creating new products to attract more customers. In addition, new process strategy are required by business entrepreneur’s managers to boost customer base of the organization and increase the sales volume. Others variables such as new market, new service, new value, new places and needs of consumers should be addressed. However, this study tries to find out the degree of improvement in entrepreneurial firm’s performance when creativity is adopted in the operations of the organization. To test the hypotheses for this study, quantitative survey method was used by distributing 350 closed ended questionnaires to entrepreneurs in some selected markets in Lagos state. Data analysis of the 288 completed questionnaires for this study was carried out with the use of Statistical Product of Social Scientists (SPSS 22). The study finds that creativity adaptation has a positive impact on return on investment and customer base of the sampled business enterprises. This study will be relevant to manufacturing firms and business enterprises who do not adequately adopt creativity strategy to operate at optimum capacity

Review of Global Marketing Environment and Entrepreneurship Development

In recent times, globalization of new entrepreneurial ventures are both expanding and this may possibly contribute to a greater number of economic actors pursuing foreign markets. Empirical studies reveals that the expansion and acceleration of cross-border entrepreneurship should be considered in the light of substantial changes that has taken place in the past decades and that resulted in a reduction of transaction costs for undertaking international business. In view of this, business venture owners globally find avenues of taking their brands to global markets, but marketing environment at the global arena presents several challenges to overseas players. The political, cultural and technological atmosphere has many influence on entrepreneurial success in foreign markets. The purpose of this study is to understand the challenges that entrepreneurial firms encounter in trying to launch their brands in global market. This study adopted a secondary approach to data collection by reviewing archival literatures in this domain of investigation. This study concludes that cross-border business activities are essential avenues through which emerging entrepreneurs could create value, generate growth and access new knowledge and technologies via their exposure to foreign markets

Evaluation of the Correlation between Mission Statement and Company Performances in the Banking Industry

For effective performance of any business, the enterprise must clearly define its purpose-driven mission statement, technology, values, concern for society and public image in order to survive, remain relevant and successful. All five factors are significant characteristics in mission statements that show how effective the organization can attain high productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between mission statement and company performance in the banking sector in Nigeria. Data were collected through the use of structured questionnaires administered to a pre-determined sample size of five selected major banks in Nigeria. Data were analyzed and the five hypotheses tested using correlation and multiple regression. This study shows that with purpose-driven mission statement, companies’ turnover, customers’ satisfaction, social responsibility and shareholders’ equity can be achieved. Though it is observed that to achieve the afore–mentioned factors, concepts such as purpose, technology, values, concern for society and public image should be regarded with extreme importanc

Qualitative Inquiry for Social Sciences

The goal of this study is to explore the analysis of qualitative interview transcripts without the use of a computer software. (Background]: Research into social problems, problems of deviation, of control and of crisis and the like, the general subject matter to which social problems is devoted is still mainly feasible through methods which yield qualitative data. (Problem Statement]: It is a common knowledge that many researchers are not too conversant with the best technique to analyse interview transcripts, particularly when they are not comfortable with the use of a computer analytical software. (Methods]: In-depth review of archival studies to present an approach to conveniently conduct qualitative research by reviewing secondary documents and referring to samples of manually analyzed transcript of recent authors. (Results]: This study provides an overview of important concepts related to qualitative content analysis. (Conclusions]: This research serves as a resource guide for qualitative researchers in social sciences investigation, discussing data collection techniques, data analysis, reporting, and the issues of trustworthiness, dependability, credibility and ethics .

Campus Entrepreneurship, Innovativeness and Business Productivity

The main purpose of this study is to examine the impact of institutional entrepreneurship and innovativeness on productivity of entrepreneurship ventures particularly those situated in institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. Giving that institutions are expanding beyond their main campuses admitting more students to different satellite campuses with different levels of infrastructures, skills, capabilities and necessities, it sought to find out if there was any significant improvement in business productivity by reason of introduction of innovation in entrepreneurs activities. This study formulated four hypotheses to find the level of relationship among the investigated variables. In order to test the hypotheses, the survey research method was used in a cross sectional design through the use of comprehensive questionnaires which were distributed to entrepreneurs in four tertiary institutions campuses situated in Lagos state. Results from regression analysis finds that innovation adaptation has a significant impact on labor and material productivity. In view of this, the researchers suggested that entrepreneurs should formulate and coordinate policies that will encourage these ideas to be made manifest in the labour capabilities of the enterprises. Hence, findings from this study will be useful for entrepreneurs who do not have adequate capacity to embrace innovation so as to produce at optimum capacity and gain competitive advantage as it would inform them of the innovation-enhancing role of productivity

Brand Identity of Tourist Destination and the Impact on Patronage

This study tries to understand brand identity of tourist destinations from the supply side perspective and how it enhances the patronage of the Nigeria tourist industry. The study adopts a quantitative approach to data collection through the distribution of a total of 120 questionnaires with a response rate of about 83%. The data analysis for this study was carried out with the use of tables, frequency and simple percentages. The research hypotheses were tested using Pearson correlation and Linear Regression methods. The findings of the study show that the creation and continuous development of brand identity would have a positive effect on tourists‟ view and choice of Nigeria as a tourist destination. The study recommends that overall marketing approach for tourism in Nigeria should be customer oriented which would include activities such as to provide proper security facilities to reinforce safety in the mind of tourists. In addition, to improve on the road networks, to improve the quality of accommodation, create a range of holiday packages and market these packages directly to international tour operators and regional travel agents. Above all, there is need for an intensive public image campaign geared towards improving the negative image of Nigeria as a countr

MODERATING EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCIES AND PERFORMANCE OF AGRO-BASED SMEs

The objective of this research was to examine the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and performance of agro-based SMEs in Nigeria. The study used questionnaires gathered from 230 managers of agro-based firms in Lagos state Nigeria. Data analysis was carried out using hierarchical multiple regression to show relationships between the variables. Findings suggest that entrepreneurial competencies have a direct influence on performance of Agro-based SMEs. More so, the statistical result indicates that innovativeness, proactiveness and autonomy are the three entrepreneurial orientations that moderate the relationship between entrepreneurial competencies and performance of the firms