10 research outputs found

    Técnicas utilizadas para detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 no Leite

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    Aflatoxina é a denominação dada a um grupo de substâncias tóxicas, produzidas principalmente por dois fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus, que se desenvolvem sobre muitos produtos agrícolas e alimentos quando as condições de umidade do produto, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura ambiente são favoráveis. As aflatoxinas podem apresentar diferentes formas, sendo que no leite, apresentam-se como M1 e M2, resultantes do metabolismo das aflatoxinas B1 e B2. A aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) é classificada como possível carcinógeno para o homem, por isso, a ocorrência desta no leite de vacas lactantes é uma questão de saúde pública, diversas técnicas são utilizadas para sua detecção e quantificação. Essas técnicas incluem as físicoquímicas como a cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e as técnicas biológicas que incluem os imunoensaios, como o radioimunoensaio e o ELISA. Deste modo, estre trabalho objetivou apresentar as técnicas utilizadas para determinação de aflatoxina M1 e M2 no leite

    Técnicas utilizadas para detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 no Leite

    No full text
    Aflatoxina é a denominação dada a um grupo de substâncias tóxicas, produzidas principalmente por dois fungos Aspergillus flavus e Aspergillus parasiticus, que se desenvolvem sobre muitos produtos agrícolas e alimentos quando as condições de umidade do produto, umidade relativa do ar e temperatura ambiente são favoráveis. As aflatoxinas podem apresentar diferentes formas, sendo que no leite, apresentam-se como M1 e M2, resultantes do metabolismo das aflatoxinas B1 e B2. A aflatoxina M1 (AFM1) é classificada como possível carcinógeno para o homem, por isso, a ocorrência desta no leite de vacas lactantes é uma questão de saúde pública, diversas técnicas são utilizadas para sua detecção e quantificação. Essas técnicas incluem as físicoquímicas como a cromatografia em camada delgada e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência e as técnicas biológicas que incluem os imunoensaios, como o radioimunoensaio e o ELISA. Deste modo, estre trabalho objetivou apresentar as técnicas utilizadas para determinação de aflatoxina M1 e M2 no leite

    Techniques used detection and quantification of aflatoxin M1 in milk

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    Aflatoxin is a group of toxic substances produced by fungi, mainly Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It can be developed in agriculture products such as grains or processed food, when environment conditions of humidity and air humidity are favorable. Aflatoxins can be presented as several forms. In Milk, are called M1 and M2, resulting from aflatoxins B1 and B2 metabolism. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is classified as a possible carcinogen to humans, so the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk of lactating cows is a public health issue, and because of its importance several techniques are used for its detection and quantification. These techniques include the physical-chemical as thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography and the biological techniques including immunoassays such as RIA and ELISA. This review aimed to present the techniques used to quantify aflatoxins M1 and M2 in milk and dairy products.</p

    Occurrence of B1 Aflatoxin in diet and M1 Aflatoxin in bovine milk

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    Ensuring food quality is one of the principles of food safety. Food for dairy cattle may be contaminated by fungi of the genus Aspergillus, which produce aflatoxins. The B1 aflatoxin, when ingested by animals, is biotransformed in liver in several other toxic metabolites, including M1 aflatoxin which is excreted in milk. M1 aflatoxin has a carcinogenic effect, which the presence in milk poses a serious risk to public health because milk and dairy products are consumed mainly by children, pregnant women and elderly. The objective of this study was to detect the presence of B1 aflatoxin in feed supplied to dairy cows and the presence of M1 aflatoxin in milk. Samples were collected from complete diet (corn silage and concentrate) from a batch of 15 lactating cows from a dairy farm in the Campinas region. Two samples of diets were collected directly into the troughs in intervals of 24 hours at every 15 days, totalizing a period of 45 days. Milk samples of those cows were collected 24 hours after diet collection, directly from sample valves in the glass jars.. B1 and M1 aflatoxins were detected by the technique of High Performance Liquid Chromatography after extraction and purification on immunoaffinity columns. From the 40 samples of diets evaluated, 40% were contaminated with B1 aflatoxin, and the levels found ranged from 1.93 to 43.78μg/Kg. One sample showed result higher than the maximum recommended for grain and animal feed in Brazil (20μg/Kg). From the 75 milk samples analyzed, the presence of M1 aflatoxin was detected in 13.3% with levels ranging from 0.03 to 0.16μg/L, not exceeding the maximum permitted for marketing in the country of 0.5μg/L, however 80% of contaminated samples had values above the maximum permissible levels of 0.05μg/L, value found among countries with abundant milk production... The presence of aflatoxins highlights the importance of monitoring the production, the storage and the importance of handling food and ingredients intended for dairy cattle to prevent the presence of B1 aflatoxin and consequently, M1 aflatoxin in milk

    Antimicrobial sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from clinical mastitis

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    Inflammation of the mammary gland, which is also known as mastitis, occupies a prominent place among the diseases that affect dairy cattle, having a great economic importance in the dairy sector. Mastitis may have different origins, however, infectious mastitis is the most frequent and represents a risk to public health due to the propagation of microorganisms through milk. Staphylococcus spp. are considered the microorganisms that cause the greatest losses in milk production, being that Staphylococcus aureus is the pathogen of major importance because they present high resistence to antimicrobials. Empirical treatment, without prior identification of the pathogens and their resistance profile, may contribute to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and risk the efficiency of the antimicrobial. In that scenery, the study aimed to evaluate the resistance profile of Staphylococcus spp. against some antimicrobials used in the treatment of cows with clinical mastitis. The study was conducted on a property in the state of São Paulo from January 2011 to June 2012. We evaluated 29 lactating cows that present clinical mastitis in, at least, one mammary quarter. The diagnosis of clinical mastitis was performed by evaluating the clinical signs and also by Tamis test. Samples of milk from mammary quarters were collected aseptically in sterile tubes for microbiological evaluation. Microorganisms were isolated on sheep blood agar 5% and Sabouraud agar with chloramphenicol. The sensitivity profile of Staphylococcus spp. to the antibiotics ampicillin, cephalexin, ceftiofur, cefaclor, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, penicillin G and oxacillin, was tested by disk diffusion test on Mueller-Hinton agar. From a total of 106 samples of milk analyzed, 64 (60.38%) presented microbiological growth, being observed isolation of Streptococcus spp. 29 (34.52%), Staphylococcus spp. 28 (33.33%), Corynebacterium spp. 17 (20.24%), filamentous fungi 4 (4.76%), yeast 4 (4.76%) and Gram-negative bacilli 2 (2.38%). From total of Staphylococcus spp. isolates, 67.86% were sensitive to all antibiotics tested. Resistance to penicillin G was evidenced in 25% of the strains, to ampicillin in 28.57% and 10.71% to neomycin. It was also observed that 3.57% of strains tested were resistant to all antibiotics. The isolation of multidrug-resistant strains presents risks to the health of the animal and the consumer because they can be transmitted through milk products. The identification of pathogens and the performance of antimicrobial susceptibility profile are essential for monitoring and control of multidrug-resistant strains

    Estudo sobre a ocorrência de fungos e aflatoxina B1 na dieta de bovinos leiteiros em São Paulo

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    A qualidade da dieta ofertada às vacas em lactação é uma preocupação dos agentes de saúde devido à possibilidade da detecção de micotoxinas prejudiciais a saúde humana e animal. Os objetivos do trabalho foram avaliar o perfil da micobiota, determinar a atividade de água (Aa) e a ocorrência natural de aflatoxina B1 (AFB1) em dietas ofertadas a vacas em lactação de fazendas leiteiras no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. As amostragens das dietas foram realizadas diretamente dos cochos de lote de 15 vacas, em dois dias consecutivos com intervalos de 24h e a cada 15 dias, perfazendo um período de 45 dias de amostragens por fazenda. A purificação e determinação de AFB1 foram realizadas em colunas de imunoafinidade e Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência (CLAE). O estudo da micobiota presente nas amostras das dietas (288) revelou que as leveduras foram predominantes em todas as dietas (83,97 a 99,98%). Foram isolados 15 gêneros de fungos filamentosos, com os gêneros Aspergillus spp (20,09%), Fusarium spp (14,16%) e Penicillium spp (11,48%) os mais prevalentes. As contagens de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias por grama de alimento (UFC. g-1) variaram de 102 a 1011. A atividade de água das amostras variou entre 0,91 a 0,98. Foi detectada a presença de AFB1 em 31,44% das amostras com teores entre 1,68 a 194,51μg.kg-1. Medidas de boas práticas de produção, estocagem e utilização devem ser tomadas para diminuir a ocorrência de AFB1 nas dietas ofertadas às vacas em lactação
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