BRIDGING THE GAP IN ALCOHOL USE DISORDER TREATMENT: INTEGRATING PSYCHOLOGICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE INTERVENTIONS

Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD) present a significant public health challenge, characterized by excessive alcohol consumption leading to severe health risks and social consequences. This paper explores the multifaceted nature of AUD, starting with a comprehensive definition and examination of its prevalence across different demographics. It delves into the societal and cultural factors that influence drinking behaviors and contribute to the under-recognition of AUD. The paper further investigates the adverse health outcomes associated with AUD, with a particular focus on alcohol-related liver disease and mental health complications. Current interventions for AUD, including psychological treatments and the integration of physical activity, are reviewed to highlight their effectiveness and the common barriers to successful treatment. Innovative application of artificial intelligence (AI) in both physiological and psychological aspects of AUD treatment is gradually gaining ground. AI's potential to enhance diagnostic accuracy, personalize treatment plans, and improve patient monitoring is analyzed, alongside the ethical considerations and challenges of its implementation. By synthesizing these diverse perspectives and providing a holistic understanding of AUD, integrated strategies for its effective management are proposed. Emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach, it underscores the importance of addressing cultural, psychological, physiological, and technological dimensions to mitigate the complexities of AUD and improve treatment outcomes. Keywords: Alcohol Use Disorder, Health, Challenge, Consumption, Al

Multi-Organ toxicity of organophosphate compounds: hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and cardiotoxic effects

 Organophosphate compounds, widely used as pesticides, pose significant health risks due to their toxic effects on various organs. This study explores the hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic, and cardiotoxic impacts of organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos, a common organophosphate, has been shown to severely impair liver function and structure, causing necrosis, vacuolization, and dilatation of sinusoids. Similar hepatotoxic effects have been observed with triazophos, methidathion, diazinon, malathion, parathion, and dimethoate. The kidneys also suffer from organophosphate toxicity, primarily through direct parenchymal damage or secondary hemodynamic instability. Renal damage includes acute tubular necrosis, significant DNA damage, and genotoxic effects, as seen with chlorpyrifos and its metabolites. Cardiovascular toxicity manifests as acute cholinergic dysfunction, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrhythmias, with a notable increase in the risk of acute coronary syndrome. The cumulative evidence underscores the profound and multi-organ toxic effects of organophosphates, necessitating stringent control measures and further research into mitigating their impact on human health. Keywords:  Organophosphate Toxicity, Hepatotoxic Effects, Nephrotoxic Effects, Cardiotoxic Effects, Multi-Organ Toxicity