Noninvasive studies of human visual cortex using neuromagnetic techniques

The major goals of noninvasive studies of the human visual cortex are: to increase knowledge of the functional organization of cortical visual pathways; and to develop noninvasive clinical tests for the assessment of cortical function. Noninvasive techniques suitable for studies of the structure and function of human visual cortex include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission tomography (SPECT), scalp recorded event-related potentials (ERPs), and event-related magnetic fields (ERFs). The primary challenge faced by noninvasive functional measures is to optimize the spatial and temporal resolution of the measurement and analytic techniques in order to effectively characterize the spatial and temporal variations in patterns of neuronal activity. In this paper we review the use of neuromagnetic techniques for this purpose. 8 refs., 3 figs

Key Bottlenecks to Economic Growth in Pakistan: An Extended Three-Gap Analysis

Abstract This paper analyzes the significance of public and private savings for sustainable economic growth in Pakistan. We formulate a three gap model and estimate it using annual data covering more than a half century period from FY1962 to FY2013. Our estimation results of extended model along with counterfactual simulation show that both foreign exchange and fiscal gaps restrain economic growth in Pakistan. The fiscal gap also appears to be a more binding constraint than foreign exchange constraint. We recommend that improving tax revenue collection can help provide the fiscal space required for ensuring long term stable economic growth