AYURVEDIC MEDICINAL PLANT - SHALA (SHOREA ROBUSTA) (A BIRD'S EYE VIEW)

Since the time immemorial the society always relay on plants not only for the diet  resources but also for medicinal purposes along with ecological balance, so that all the creatures of god starting from birth to death spend their life in a manner of dignity or we may say healthy and disease free life. From Vedic era there is a lot of descriptions regarding plants along with their therapeutic properties were available and gradually the same were added as the time progress till the date. As per Ancient Indian Literatures Shorea robusta is cosidered as a Holy Tree said to be the favourite of Lord Maha vishnu which is commnly known as Indian Dammer. Shorea robusta finds its use in Ayurveda, Unani and tribal systems of medicine. It has many medicinal properties, but the tree is valued mostly for its ability to stop bleeding piles and provide relief to the patient. The bark, leaves, fruit and resin of the Shorea are used in medicinal preparations. The resin is burnt as incense and the fumes thus obtained are said to have good medicinal value. Shorea ointments for skin troubles, breast enhancement and for bleeding piles are available at herbal stores. Some herbal doctors consider the Shorea a natural remedy for diabetes, nervine pain, arthritis, burns, ulcers, jaundice and skin infections. It has anti-bacterial properties too. Plant Shala is a contribution in the area of medicinal plants covering various aspects particularly relating to botanical phytochemical, pharmacological & pharmacognostical studies are very relevant & important in the national context.   Shala has been reviewed from different aspect, starting from Vedic era up to recent books on medicinal plants and entire procured information regarding its therapeutic values, synonyms, vernacular name, classification according to Ayurvedic texts, types, purification, Rasa panchaka, karma and adverse drug reaction and  treatment was compiled.Â

Estimating the risk of mortality attributable to recent late HIV diagnosis following admission to the intensive care unit: A single-centre observational cohort study

OBJECTIVES: Despite improvements in survival of people with HIV admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), late diagnosis continues to contribute to in-ICU mortality. We quantify the population attributable fraction (PAF) of in-ICU mortality for recent late diagnosis among people with HIV admitted to a London ICU. METHODS: Index ICU admissions among people with HIV were considered from 2000 to 2019. Recent late diagnosis was a CD4 T-cell count < 350 cells/μL and/or AIDS-defining illness at/within 6 months prior to ICU admission. Univariate comparisons were conducted using Wilcoxon rank-sum/Cochran-Armitage/χ2 /Fisher's exact tests. We used Poisson regression (robust standard errors) to estimate unadjusted/adjusted (age, sex, calendar year of ICU admission) risk ratios (RRs) and regression standardization to estimate the PAF. RESULTS: In all, 207 index admissions were included [median (interquartile range) age: 46 (38-53) years; 72% male]; 58 (28%) had a recent late diagnosis, all of whom had a CD4 count < 350 cells/μL, and 95% had advanced HIV (CD4 count < 200 cells/μL and/or AIDS at admission) as compared with 57% of those who did not have a recent late diagnosis (p < 0.001). In-ICU mortality was 27% (55/207); 38% versus 22% in those who did and did not have a recent late diagnosis, respectively (p = 0.02). Recent late diagnosis was independently associated with increased in-ICU mortality risk (adjusted RR = 1.75) (95% confidence interval: 1.05-2.91), with 17.08% (16.04-18.12%) of deaths being attributable to this. CONCLUSIONS: There is a need for improved public health efforts focused on HIV testing and reporting of late diagnosis to better understand potentially missed opportunities for earlier HIV diagnosis in healthcare services

Defining pathways to healthy sustainable urban development

Goals and pathways to achieve sustainable urban development have multiple interlinkages with human health and wellbeing. However, these interlinkages have not been examined in depth in recent discussions on urban sustainability and global urban science. This paper fills that gap by elaborating in detail the multiple links between urban sustainability and human health and by mapping research gaps at the interface of health and urban sustainability sciences. As researchers from a broad range of disciplines, we aimed to: 1) define the process of urbanization, highlighting distinctions from related concepts to support improved conceptual rigour in health research; 2) review the evidence linking health with urbanization, urbanicity, and cities and identify cross-cutting issues; and 3) highlight new research approaches needed to study complex urban systems and their links with health. This novel, comprehensive knowledge synthesis addresses issue of interest across multiple disciplines. Our review of concepts of urban development should be of particular value to researchers and practitioners in the health sciences, while our review of the links between urban environments and health should be of particular interest to those outside of public health. We identify specific actions to promote health through sustainable urban development that leaves no one behind, including: integrated planning; evidence-informed policy-making; and monitoring the implementation of policies. We also highlight the critical role of effective governance and equity-driven planning in progress towards sustainable, healthy, and just urban development