10 research outputs found
Effect of mancozeb-treated lettuce (Lactuca sativa) on wistar rat liver
Vegetable contamination by pesticides presents current problem of public health. Previous studies have shown that 60% vegetables sampled collected in Lomé (Togo) have pesticide residues exceeding the tolerable limits. Because mancozeb, ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate, is mainly used, more than five times, during the growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), the aim of the present investigation is to evaluate the potential effect of mancozeb-treated lettuce on the rat liver physiology. Mancozeb-treated lettuce and two doses of mancozeb were administered during 28 days to rats. Along the study, animal behavior was assessed, and at the end of administration, some hepatic enzymes such as transaminases and alkaline phosphatase were studied. The decrease in rat body weight was noted and animals have soft feces. Plasmatic concentrations of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin are increased in rats administered with mancozeb-treated lettuce. The plasmatic concentration of total protein is not decreased significantly. Those results indicate that lettuce collected directly from gardens, without washing or less washed, are not fit for human consumption.Keywords: Lettuce, mancozeb, toxicity, liver, pesticide residues, public healt
Hygienic quality of ready-to-eat salads sold in the street and a modern restaurant in Lomé, TOGO
Poisoning following salads consumption was often reported in LomĂ©. This study was carried out to evaluate contamination of salads sold in LomĂ©. Sixty salad samples from modern restaurant (Domino), seventy from street sellers and forty of fresh vegetables from two markets were randomly collected. Microbiological quality of samples was examined on the basis of AFNOR methods and criteria. Salad selling occurs in room temperature. That modern restaurant uses cold to preserve foods. Microbial analyzes revealed that, Total viable count (TVC) load ranged from 2.15x104 â 9.2x1010 and 1.8x103 â 2.7x107 with 10% and 86.66% of satisfactory quality samples respectively for Domino and Street salads. Total and thermo-tolerant coliforms load ranged from 60-3.4x106 and 0-6.2x103 respectively for street salads with 14.28% and 57.15% of satisfactory samples. Domino samples located between 0-7x103 and 0-2.5x103 with 96.66% and 81.33% of conformity respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were isolated (0-2.5x103 and 0-103) respectively with 77.14% and 84.28% of satisfactory samples for street salads. These bacteria did not induce any conform samples. Salmonella spp were not found in salads and raw vegetable. Application of good hygiene practices rules would help to reduce disease risk related to the presence of pathogenic germs like E. coli and S. aureus.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Food poisoning, Vegetable food, microbiological safet
Ăvaluation des propriĂ©tĂ©s antimicrobiennes des javels vendues Ă LomĂ© sur quelques germes isolĂ©s de lâeau de consommation
Objectif : Il sâest agi de lâĂ©valuation de lâefficacitĂ© de diffĂ©rentes marques dâeau de javel vendues Ă Â LomĂ© sur quelques germes isolĂ©s des eaux de consommation.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes : Cette Ă©tude a consistĂ© en une analyse microbiologique de six Ă©chantillons dâeau de consommation et en une identification des germes prĂ©sents en utilisant les normes AFNOR. Quatre germes isolĂ©s de ces eaux et un germe de rĂ©fĂ©rence (Escherichia coli CIP 105 182) ont Ă©tĂ© ensuite testĂ©s avec des Ă©chantillons de javel. Il sâagit des streptocoques fĂ©caux, des coliformes totaux, de Escherichia coli et des Bacilles Ă Gram positif. La technique de dilution en milieu liquide avec le bouillon Muller Hinton a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e pour ces tests. Les degrĂ©s chloromĂ©triques de ces eaux de javel ont Ă©tĂ© ensuite dĂ©terminĂ©s par iodomĂ©trie.RĂ©sultats : Lâanalyse microbiologique des Ă©chantillons dâeau de consommation a montrĂ© quâils étaient de qualitĂ© hygiĂ©nique non satisfaisante par rapport Ă la flore aĂ©robie mĂ©sophile totale, aux coliformes totaux et thermotolĂ©rents et aux streptococoques fĂ©caux. Toutes les marques dâeau de Javel ont inhibĂ© Ă des degrĂ©s divers la croissance de tous les germes testĂ©s. Ainsi, les CMB des eaux de Javel 5, Javel 4, javel 3 testĂ©es sur les germes totaux ont Ă©tĂ© de 1,66% (v/v) alors que celles des eaux de Javel 6 et 7 ont Ă©tĂ© respectivement de 8,33% et de 6,25% (v/v) pour un temps rĂ©actionnel de 3 Ă 6 heures. En ce qui concerne les degrĂ©s chloromĂ©triques, toutes les eaux de javel testĂ©es avaient des degrĂ©s chloromĂ©triques infĂ©rieurs Ă ceux mentionnĂ©s sur les emballages.Conclusion : Cette Ă©tude a montrĂ© quâune analyse continue des eaux de javel vendues au Togo est indispensable pour sâassurer de lâefficacitĂ© des traitements de dĂ©sinfection par ces javels.Mots clĂ©s : bactĂ©ries, eau, javel, dĂ©sinfection, antimicrobiens, Tog
Ăvaluation de la qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique des eaux de puits et de forage Ă LomĂ©, Togo
Objectif : Le but de cette Ă©tude Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer la qualitĂ© microbiologique des eaux de puits et de forage collectĂ©es dans la ville de LomĂ©.MĂ©thodologie : Au total, 207 Ă©chantillons dâeau de puits et de 197 Ă©chantillons dâeau de forages de la ville de LomĂ© collectĂ©s entre juin 2012 et juillet 2013 ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s en utilisant les mĂ©thodes normalisĂ©es de routine de lâAssociation Française de Normalisation (AFNOR).RĂ©sultats et conclusion : Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© une non-conformitĂ© des eaux de puits par rapport aux germes de contamination fĂ©cale dans 65% des cas et dans 70% des cas par rapport Ă E coli. Les eaux de forages Ă©taient contaminĂ©es Ă 53,54% par la flore aĂ©robie mĂ©sophile, Ă 26,77% par les coliformes totaux et Ă 2,03% par les streptocoques fĂ©caux. La prĂ©sence des germes indicateurs de contamination fĂ©cale dans les eaux analysĂ©es expose les consommateurs au risque de gastro-entĂ©rites. Des mesures doivent ĂȘtre prises pour la surveillance et la dĂ©sinfection de ces eaux avant leur utilisation. Mots clĂ©s : Eau, puits, forage ; qualitĂ© bactĂ©riologique, Togo. Evaluation of the bacteriological quality of wells and drillings water in LomĂ©, TogoObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of wells and drillings water collected in the city of LomĂ©.Methodology: A total of 207 well water samples and 197 samples of water from drillings in the city of LomĂ© collected between June 2012 and July 2013 were analyzed using standard routine methods of the French Association of Standardization (AFNOR).Results and Conclusion : The results showed non-compliance of well water related to fecal contaminationgerms in 65% of cases and in 70% of cases related to E. coli. The drillings waters were contaminated in cases 53.54% by mesophilic aerobic flora, in 26.77% cases by total coliforms and in 2.03% cases by fecal streptococci. The presence of indicator organisms of fecal contamination in the analyzed waters exposes consumers to the risk of gastroenteritis. Measures should be taken to monitoring and disinfection of this water before use.Keywords: Water, wells, drilling, bacteriological quality, Togo