Potensi Virus A/Ck/West Java/PWT-Wij/2006 Sebagai Vaksin

Potential virus A/Ck/West Java/PWT-Wij/06 for Vaccin. Vaccination program for controllingavian influenza (AI) virus infection in poultry have been emerged during the past 5 years inIndonesia. However, due to the mutation character of this virus the available vaccines were nolonger effective. Therefore a new local isolate of avian influenza virus A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 was studied. The virus, formulated as inactive vaccine, was injected in to 3 weeks oldof layer chickens intramuscularly. At 3 weeks after vaccination, vaccinated chickens werechallenged against seven local isolates of HPAI H5N1 intranasaly. Unvaccinated chickenswere included in the challenge test as control. Results showed that the vaccine produced100% protection against A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 (homologous), A/Ck/West Java/1067/2003, A/Ck/West Java/Hj-18/2007, and A/Ck/Payakumbuh/BPPVRII/2007; produced 90%protection against A/Ck/BB149/5/2007, and 80% protection against A/Ck/West Java/Hamd/2006 isolates. The vaccine also stoppped viral shedding by day 5 to 7 after challange. Thisstudy indicate that the new local isolate of avian influenza A/Ck/West Java/Pwt-Wij/2006 hasgood potency as vaccine with broad spectrum against a range of AI viruses available inIndonesia

Alternative Strategies for Controlling Reproductive Infectious Diseases of Beef Cattle to Increase Reproduction Eficiency

Reproductive infectious diseases affect reproductive organs cause inefficiency in reproduction of cattle. In Indonesia, there are six infectious diseases of reproduction in beef cattle, namely Brucellosis, Leptospirosis, Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR), Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), Bluetongue and Toxoplasmosis. Although report of the occurrence of the diseases is limited for only certain areas of Indonesia, because of limitation of veterinary laboratories available in this country, those diseases have potential to distribute wider and cause more economic impact if the diseases were not prevented and controlled properly by the government and farmers together . Approaches should be taken for diseases control and prevention are in-flock and inter-flock of beef cattle. Alternative strategies suggested for diseases control are: (1). Flock free of the disease; (2). Biosecurity; and (3). Artificial Insemination using semen free of the diseases. Research and development of reproductive infectious diseases on beef cattle should be improved to support and contribute the development of beef cattle agribusiness program in this country. Key words: Beef cattle, mproductive infectious diseases, alternative control strateg

Nipah and its Current Situation in Indonesia

Recently, the incidence of zoonotic disease in the world increases, due to technology development, human activities and ecosystem changes . One of these diseases is an outbreak of Nipah in the neighbouring country, Malaysia, which caused 105 people died and more than one million pig were culled . Malaysia is the adjacent country to Indonesia, hence, it is possible that Nipah will be transferred to Indonesia through imported pigs and their products, and the migration of wild animal such as fruit bat. Because of Nipah is one of emerging diseases and hazardous to human, it needs a serious attention . Preliminary results on Nipah serology at the Research Institute for Veterinary Science . Bogor .. indicated that pigs in Riau. North Sumatera . North Sulawesi and West Jawa areas were negative to Nipah virus infection . However, the reservoir host, fruit bats from North Sumatera, West Java and East Java areas had been proven to have antibodies against Nipah virus using both ELISA and serum neutralization tests . With this condition, human and animal health departments should anticipate a possible occurrence of Nipah viral infection in Indonesia . This paper reviewes many aspects of Nipah included aetiology, epidemiology, the situation in Indonesia, prevention and controlling recommendation, that can be used as an input in order to improve veterinary public health in Indonesia. Key words: Nipah, aetiology, epidemiology, controlling, Indonesi

Seroepidemiologi Nipah Virus Pada Kalong Dan Ternak Babi Di Beberapa Wilayah Di Indonesia

Nipah Virus Seroepidemiology in Flying Fox and Pig Husbandry in Several Areasof Indonesia. Nipah is a dangerous zoonotic disease which was carried by flying fox.The disease had been occurred in Malaysia in 1999 and infect pigs and caused humandeath. Indonesia is adjacent country to Malaysia, hence, a serological study had beenconducted on 156 flying fox (P. vampyrus) sera from North Sumatera, West Java, CentralJava and East Java. Besides that, 2740 pig sera was randomly collected in differentprovinces to detect Nipah infection. Both flying fox and pig sera were tested usingELISA test to detect the presence of Nipah antibody. The results indicated that 37 from156 flying fox sera (23.7%) has antibodies against Nipah virus. Infections were occuredin all sampling sites with the prevalence varied from 18% to 33 %. Meanwhile, no pigsera tested (2740) had antibody against Nipah virus. Based on these results it can beconcluded that Nipah virus infections were occurred in flying fox in some parts inIndonesia, but not in pigs. It was suggested that the presence of Nipah virus in Indonesiashould be anticipated. Hence the distribution of its infection in pigs and human must beanticipated. Monitoring of Nipah infection in areas adjacent to Malaysia must be increasedto detect the entering of the disease in Indonesia

Developing Farm-Level Post-vaccination Sero-Monitoring Systems for H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza in an Endemically Infected Country

Whilst the serological responses of poultry following vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 has been extensively investigated under laboratory conditions, there have been fewer studies conducted in the field. This applies particularly to the endemically infected countries routinely practicing vaccination, where the combination of multiple circulating clades and/or the use of vaccines with different seed strains makes the design and interpretation of field studies especially problematic. To address this for the particular situation of layer hens in the small to medium commercial sector in Indonesia, we developed a sampling regime before and after the vaccination given to point-of-lay pullets, and assessed serological response with a panel of test antigens. This confirmed that high titres were induced in those birds vaccinated with locally produced homologous H5N1 vaccines administered two or more times, but in flocks using imported heterologous H5N2 vaccines median titres were significantly lower, and unlikely to provide protection throughout the production cycle, without additional vaccination. Comparing the HI responses against the panel of antigens enabled the detection of the flock's exposure to different vaccine antigens, and made possible the detection of mislabelled vaccine seed strains. Furthermore, we show that test antigens need not be exactly matched to assess sero-protection in well vaccinated birds. Finally our study suggests that the POL vaccination serves as a useful reference point for following cohorts of layers throughout their production cycle, and thus enabling robust vaccination field effectiveness studies

Nipah Virus in the Fruit Bat Pteropus vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia

Nipah virus causes periodic livestock and human disease with high case fatality rate, and consequent major economic, social and psychological impacts. Fruit bats of the genus Pteropus are the natural reservoir. In this study, we used real time PCR to screen the saliva and urine of P. vampyrus from North Sumatera for Nipah virus genome. A conventional reverse transcriptase (RT-PCR) assay was used on provisionally positive samples to corroborate findings. This is the first report of Nipah virus detection in P. vampyrus in Sumatera, Indonesia