Dynamics of gap solitons in a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate on a three-dimensional optical lattice

We suggest and study the stable disk- and cigar-shaped gap solitons of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate of $^{52}$Cr atoms localized in the lowest band gap by three optical-lattice (OL) potentials along orthogonal directions. The one-dimensional version of these solitons of experimental interest confined by an OL along the dipole moment direction and harmonic traps in transverse directions is also considered. Important dynamics of (i) breathing oscillation of a gap soliton upon perturbation and (ii) dragging of a gap soliton by a moving lattice along axial $z$ direction demonstrates the stability of gap solitons. A movie clip of dragging of three-dimensional gap soliton is included.Comment: To see the dragging movie clip please download sourc

Dynamics of quasi-one-dimensional bright and vortex solitons of a dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate with repulsive atomic interaction

By numerical and variational analysis of the three-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation we study the formation and dynamics of bright and vortex-bright solitons in a cigar-shaped dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate for large repulsive atomic interactions. Phase diagram showing the region of stability of the solitons is obtained. We also study the dynamics of breathing oscillation of the solitons as well as the collision dynamics of two solitons at large velocities. Two solitons placed side-by-side at rest coalesce to form a stable bound soliton molecule due to dipolar attraction.Comment: To obtain the included video clips S1, S2, S3 and S4, please download sourc

Two-component gap solitons with linear interconversion

We consider one-dimensional solitons in a binary Bose-Einstein condensate with linear coupling between the components, trapped in an optical-lattice potential. The inter-species and intra-species interactions may be both repulsive or attractive. Main effects considered here are spontaneous breaking of the symmetry between components in symmetric and antisymmetric solitons, and spatial splitting between the components. These effects are studied by means of a variational approximation and numerical simulations.Comment: 4 pages, 9 figure

ECONOMIC BURDEN OF SALMONELLA INFECTIONS IN THE UNITED STATES

The aim of this study is to evaluate medical expenditures and lost productivity associated with burden of Salmonella infections. We used laboratory confirmed number of Salmonella cases and corresponding multipliers to estimate the burden of illness using the method adopted by Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) at Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The medical costs estimates are retrospective analysis of reimbursement records from MarketScan data. We identified patients with a diagnosis of salmonellosis using ICD-9 CM codes from the MarketScan 1993-2001 databases. Productivity loss from the nonfatal cases of Salmonella was calculated using the distributions of lost workdays and household services due to the illness. Statistical value of life approach was used to estimate the costs due to premature deaths. We also compared the costs for the gastrointestinal salmonellosis to the cost for the invasive salmonellosis. Confidence intervals around the cost estimates were calculated using a Monte Carlo simulation technique. Estimated average economic burden due to Salmonella was $210 per outpatient,$5,797 per inpatient with gastrointestinal infection, $16,441 per impatient with invasive infection and$4.63 million per premature death. Total economic buren due to Salmonella in the United States was estimated at $2.8 billion (95$1.6 to $5.3 billion) annually, which is approximately$2,472 per case of Salmonella infection. The cost estimate is largely driven by the number of premature deaths followed by average cost of hospitalization. Defining the risk factors for fatal outcomes may help target treatment and preventive strategies.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety,